In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.

除了法语外,他还得学日语。

(7)apart from：apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.

Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.

除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。

Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏

注意：

(1)besides: (adv.)　 此外，而且

I haven't time to see the film-----besides, it's had dreadful reviews.

我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。

I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.

我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。

(2)but 和except 做"除了"讲时如果前面有do的适当形式,but 和except后面的不定式不带to;如果没有do的适当形式，but 和except后面的不定式带to。

He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)

他只好走着回家了

=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式)

(3) in addition=besides此外，而且

They eat a great deal of fruit in addition.

他们还吃大量的水果。

I am too busy to go for a walk; in addition, it is late.

我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。

易混易错点1： For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。

该句中的"while"用作并列连词.表示前后对比，意为 "然而"。

while 用法总结

(1)用作并列连词.表示前后对比，意为 "然而"。

I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。

(2)用作从属连词.引导时间状语从句。意为"during the time that..."或"and in the meantime/meanwhile"

I'll take care of your children while you are away. 你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。

(3) 用作从属连词。引导让步状语从句，意为"although...

While he is not a perfect man , I still like him very much.

尽管他不是一个完美的人我还是很喜欢他。

(4) 用作从属连词。引导条件状语从句，意为as long as

Where there is a will, there is a way.

易混易错点2：such as，that is，for example

(1)such as用来列举事物，常用在被列举出的事物和前面表示总称的名词之间，但在所列举的事物只是总称中的事物的一部分，不能全部都列举出来。

I bought a lot of things in the supermarket, such as beer and fried fish.

(2)如果需要把前面总称中的事物全部一一列举出来，就要用that is或namely(即)。

I have three good friends, namely= that is, Jack, Tom and John.

(3)for example用于举例说明前面的名词，一般只列举同类事物中的一个，其位置可在句首、句末或句中，需用逗号隔开。后面也可接句子，对前一句进行说明和解释。

Many great men have risen from poverty, Lincoln and Edison, for example= for instance.

讲题组

◆课内题例与课后题：

课内题例

1.Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path ___ to the front.

A. to lead B. led C. leading D. being led

变式1. They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers.'

A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding

C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding

变式2. Betty, still ______ excited, took away the box ______ with birthday presents for her.

A. looked; filled B. looked; filling C. looking; filled D. looking; filling

变式3. This is an early church, ______ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San. Carlo Borromeo.

A. dated B. being dated C. dating D. dates

变式4. The problem ______ now must be kept secret

A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. having been discussed

解析:1. 据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选C。

变式1.据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table; 说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选A。

变式2.look是系动词没有被动语态， Betty 与look 之间是主动关系所以要用现在分词做定语。Wound与 soldiers之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用过 去分词做定语。

变式3.church与 date from之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词做定语。

变式4.the problem与discuss之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用

being discussed。

总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道分词做定语的用法可以灵活设题是高考重要的考察点。

2. With a lot of different problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

变式1. ______ time going on, the old man's friends died off.

A. As B. With C. For D. As with

变式2. ______time went on, the old man's friends died off.

A. As B. With C. For D. As with

变式3. The famous scientist died of heart attack ______ the experiment left undone.

A. with B. for C. because D. because of

解析: 该题考查with+名词/代词+不定式，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。由此可知答案 C

变式1. 该题考查with+名词/代词+现在分词这一结构中介词with的运用。不能选as因为as要引导时间状语从句。

变式2. 该题考查as引导时间状语从句 "as"可以译为"随着"

变式3. 该题考查with+名词/代词+过去分词这一结构中介词with的运用。该结构在本句中做状语表示伴随。

总结：通过对以上例题的分析可以知道对"with复合结构"的考查集中在两个方面：一是考查宾补的适当形式;二是考查介词with。该知识点仍旧是命题的重点。

3. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, _______ no conclusion.

A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching

变式1.He went abroad in 1998,never _____.

A. returning B. to return C. returned D. having returned

变式2. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, with no conclusion_____.

A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching

解析:2. B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表"将要使得"，这都不合题干情景。只有A. making,可作状语，表结果。D

变式1. 该句意思是"他在1998年出国了，结果再也没有回来。"由此可知要用不定式

做状语表结果，指出人意料的结果，强调意想不到。

变式2. 该题是考查"with+名词/代词+过去分词"做状语表结果。Conclusion 与 reach 之间是被动关系，并且动作已经发生。

总结：以上题例表明"现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果"的区别是一个很重要的知识点。结果发生的偶然性与否是掌握这一知识的关键。

4. There was no one in the bus _____ a dog.

A. except B. besides C. but D. except for

变式1. The weather is bad; _______，I have no money on me.

A. except B. besides C. but D. except for

变式2 Five more students passed the exam_____ Tom.

A. in addition B. besides C. but D. except for

变式3. ----the people on the list, many more people will attend the party.

A. In addition to B. Except for C. But D. Except

解析：4. except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正。 答案： D

变式1. besides可以做副词意思是" 此外，而且"表示并列关系。答案：B

变式2. besides:　(prep.)　"除...之外还有"， besides意为"除......之外，尚有......或外加......"句中常含有more/another/else等暗示词。答案：B

变式3. 该题意思是"除了名单上的人之外还有很多人要参加这次舞会"。in addition to除...之外还有,等于besides做介词的用法。答案：A

总结：以上以上题例表明"besides, except, except for, except that"的区别是一个很重要的知识点在掌握该知识点时一定要体会出是指"排除"或是指"包含"等方面的用法。

5.You can't imagine what difficulty/trouble we had ____ home in the snowstorm.

A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking

变式1. Do you have any difficulty _____ your work?

A. in B. on C. with D. for

变式2. Thank you for the trouble you have taken _____ me with my English..

A. to help B. helping C. help D helped

解析：5. we had ____ home in the snowstorm 是定语从句, had 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查"have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth."这一知识点的。答案：D

变式1. 考查"have (some) difficulty with sth." 这一知识点。答案：C

变式2. you have taken _____ me with my English是定语从句, have taken 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查"take trouble to do sth."这一知识点的。答案：A

总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道与difficulty相关的短语的用法是高考重要的考察点，可以据此灵活设题。

6. I push the window hard but it _____close.

A. won't B. can't C. shall not D. mustn't

变式1. If you _____ listen to me, you _____ get a new bike.

A. will ; will B. shall ; will C. shall ; shall D. will ; shall

变式2. "What can I do for you?"

" My radio _____ work."

A. won't B. can't C. doesn't D. mustn't

解析：6. 考查will表示现在的意愿，有拟人化的修辞手法在内。答案A

变式1.第一个空格是"will可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中";第二个空格是shall表示"承诺"的用法。答案：D

变式2. doesn't do 表示客观陈述，不包含任何感情色彩。答案：C

7. _____ the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad.

A. While B. When C. As D. Since

变式1. you have got your license, why not drive the car yourself?

A.Ever since B.Now that C.Even though D.As long as

变式2.--The vase cost me almost 100 yuan.

--Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money __ you could buy a much

cheaper one.

A. while B. if C. because D. when

解析：7. 考查while用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，意为"although..."答案：A

变式1.now that =since =now 都可以引导从句译为"既然"，主从句之间是因果关系。答案：B.

变式2. 考查when用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为"既然"答案D

总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道while，now that =since =now，when这三个词是意思相近但用法不同的非常重要的词语。

课后题：

1.____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared

2.This is not a match. We're playing chess just for ____.

A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game

3. I can hardly imagine Mr. Wang ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed

4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

5. Most of the men _________ to the party were from town

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

解析: 1.本句compare用在句首作状语，并有"被比较"的意思。答案为D

2. for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是"说/做着玩的"。 答案为C

3. imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Mr. Wang是这个动名词的逻辑主语答案为C

4. much too+形容词或副词 .答案 A

5. 此处考查过去分词作定语表示被动和完成了的动作。答案 A

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