现在完成进行时

构成：have been doing sth.

用法：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。(表示到现在为止一直在发生或反复进行的动作)

––– How long have you been waiting here?

––– I have been waiting here for about half an hour.

你在这儿等多久了?

我在这儿大概等了半个小时。

Professor Wang has been doing the research on English literature for more than 30 years. He has written more than 10 books, some of which have been published in England and the USA in recent years. Now he is teaching English literature in a famous university.

比较下列各句，注意现在完成时和现在完成进行时在时间概念上的区别：

I’ve written an article. 我写好了一篇文章。(现在已经写完了)

I’ve been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(现在还在写)

1) –––¬¬¬¬¬ Hi, Alan, I have not seen you for weeks. What _______ recently?

––– Studying.

A. have you been doing B. have you done

C. were you doing D. did you do

2) ––– Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

––– I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.

A. painted B. had painted

C. have been painting D. have painted

3) I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ___ on it for more than an hour.

A. has been working B. will have worked

C. will have been working D. had worked

4) ––– I have got a headache.

––– No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.

A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked

答案：

expect: 1. C 2. B 3. C

followed by …/ Walking: a. followed b. following 1 – 5 DBCBB

be supposed to: We were supposed to be here at eight, but we are late. 1 – 4 ACCA

“be + 不定式”结构: 1. We are to meet at the school gate at eight o’clock tomorrow morning.

2. are to be returned

1 – 5 ACAAC

go + 过去分词: He went almost mad when he heard the news. Ex. 1. C

现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语: 1. waiting for the bus. 2. reading newspaper.

3. watching the girl students playing basketball.

1 – 5 BCBBC

should/ ought to have done sth: 1 – 4 DAAC

though adv: 1 – 3 ABA

现在完成进行时: 1 – 4 ACAC

New words:

1. surprise vt. 使惊奇，使惊讶 n. 惊奇，令人惊奇的事

take…by surprise 使…大吃一惊

in surprise 惊奇地(作状语);to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是……

adj. (感到)惊奇的，惊讶的_____________;  adj. 令人吃惊的 ___________

sth ~ sb sb be ~ed at sth (doing sth.). / to do sth / that sth be ~ ing

His not passing the exam surprised us very much. / We were surprised at his not passing the exam.

To our great surprise , he didn’t pass the exam. / The heavy snowfall took us all by surprise.

a. His sudden visit ______ us all. (surprise) / Much to our _____, they offered me the job. (surprise)

b. I am ___________at the __________ news. (surprise)

c. The news that Bush was taken away by the police came as __________(意想不到的事) to everyone.

2. be supposed to 应该……，应当…… be not supposed to do sth. 禁止/不允许做某事

1) ______________________________ if you want to leave the classroom. 你应该先问老师……

2) You are not supposed to smoke here. 你在这里不可以抽烟。= You ________ smoke here.

3) Suppose/Supposing (that) you won the lottery, what would you do with the money? (译)

4) As a student, you _____ in the classroom on time.

A. expect to be B. are supposed to be C. look forward to be D. are hoped to be

5) --- You should apologize to her, Barry. --- ______, but it’s not going to be easy.

A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to

3. touch v. / n. 触摸，联系

Don’t touch the medicine, it’s dangerous!

get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系

be in touch with sb. 与某人在联系 be out of touch with sb. 与某人失去联系

lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系

--- Wow! I’ve hurt myself!

--- How did you do that?

--- I _____ a hot pot.

A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held

4. do with 处理 (在疑问句中，常与what连用)

deal with (请同学们查一下该短语的其他意思)

a. What did you do with the letter? // b. What did you do with the money we left?

有时也可以用deal with， 但在疑问句中与how连用。How did you deal with the letter?

c. The classroom is very noisy, but the new teacher doesn’t know ______.

A. how to do with it B. what to deal with it C. how to deal with it D. what to do with

explain sth. to sb. / explain to sb. sth.

5. explain vt. explain (to sb)+ that clause

explain + why / how 等引导的特殊疑问句

1) Please ~ this problem to us . =_______________________.

2) She ~ed to the children that the school had been closed .

3) Could you ~ why you left without saying anything?

explanation n

He left the room without explanation.

in explanation of 说明,作为什么的解释

4) He _______ us the reason ________ his being late.

A. explained , to B. explained to , why C. explained to , for D. explained, for

6. charge . n 负责，掌管; 费用; v 收费 (该动词的用法请同学们查字典)

in /under charge of 某人负责某事 = take charge of in the charge of 某事由某人负责

in charge 负责 掌管(常作定语或表语) free of charge _______ = for nothing = for free

1) I am_____________ the company while the director is away.

2) The company is_______________ me while the director is away.

3) I’d like to speak to the person ___________.

4) All goods are delivered free of charge.(译)

5) I’m not going there again --- they ~ed me five dollars for a cup of coffee! (译)

6) My uncle ____ the shop while the manger was away.

A. was left in charge of B. left in charge of

C. was left in the charge of D. had left in the charge of

7. reason n. 理由，原因 reasonable adj. 通情达理的;合情合理的;有道理的

for this /that ~ // for some ~ // the ~ for (doing ) sth // the ~ why +从句

Can you tell us the reason why you didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?

For some reason, he won’t believe you .

NOTE : cause n 起因 the cause of sth vt 引起 ~ sb / sth to do sth

What ~ed the fire (to happen)? / What is the ~ of the fire ?/ What ~ed us to think of your childhood?

The reason ____ he explained ___ his being late is ___ he missed the early bus.

A. why; of; that B. why; for; that C. that; of; that D. that; for; that

8. go out (灯、火)的熄灭， 是不及物动词 (请同学们课后查一下go的相关短语)

Mom and Dad looked at each other as lights go out.

Suddenly all the lights went out.

put out 是人为的把火或灯弄熄灭，是及物动词。

They put out the fire with water.

Nobody noticed the thief slipped into the house because the lights happened to ___ .

A. put out B. give in C. be turned on D. go out

Word went out that the Prime Minister had resigned.(译)

9. trust n & vt 相信、信任 = believe in

trust sb. to do sth. 相信某人会做…… trust sth. to sb / trust sb.with sth 把某物托付给某人

A good marriage is based on ~. I put my ~ in you.(信赖)

You can’t ~ what the papers say. Can I ~ trust you to post this letter ?

A good mother can ______ her children to do anything right.

A. trust B. believe C. trust in D. believe in

10. mad adj. 狂怒的，疯狂的 go mad 变疯 drive sb. Mad 把某人逼疯

be mad at/with sb. 对某人生气 be mad on/about sth./sb. 特别喜欢某人或某物

she is mad at me for being late. She has been mad about kids.

11. be hard on 对……苛刻，要求严格 be strict with sb. in sth.

Don’t be hard on them; after all, they are only children.

12. now that 既然，由于。可以引导原因状语从句，相当于since，that 有时可以省略。

Now (that) you have finished the work，you may go.

_____ we have finished the course, we shall take a new one.

A. Now that B. Since that C. Since now D. By now

13. upset vt 1) 打翻 弄翻 打乱 2) 使…… 苦恼或心烦

~ one’s cup /the milk etc // A large wave ~the boat .

Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.

Sth upset sb Sb be upset be/get upset about/at sth.

be upset to do sth be upset that从句

The problem ~s him so much. // I was very upset to see that. 对……感到难过的

He was ~ at not being invited. // Dad was very upset that you didn’t phone

14. score n & vt 1)得分 2) =twenty

The final ~ was 4-3. // She ~ed 120 in the maths test. // a ~ of people = twenty people

scores of 几十(个)

There are three score students /scores of students in the classroom.

The student wanted to buy two ____ books, but the salesgirl only sold him two ____ these books.

A. scores of; dozens of B. scores; dozen of C. score of; dozen of D. score of; dozen

16. insist vt & vi 1)坚持(应该做) 2)坚持认为

I insist that you should take an immediate action to put this right.

He ~s that I (should ) be present. (坚持要求)

She ~ed that she had done right. (坚持说)

insist on (doing) sth 一定要…… 坚持要求……

He ~ed on going with me .

The university ~s on an interview before accept a new student.

17. argument n. 争论 辩论 We agreed without much further ~.

have /get into an ~ with sb about sth

argue vt ~ with sb abut sth ~ for /against sth 为支持/反对…..而辩论

~ that-clause

We ~ed with the waiter about the price of the meal.// I ~ed that we needed a larger office.(据理力争)

18. suggest vt 1) 建议 2) 表明, 暗示

~ sth to sb

~ (to sb ) that …. (should) do

~(one’s) doing sth

What did you ~ to the manager ?

I ~ed to him that the problem _______________________ another way. (处理)

He ~ed that the wounded ___________________ the hospital without hesitation.(送往医院)

He ~ed _________________________________________. (带孩子去公园)

His cool response ~ed that he ___________(not like ) the idea.

suggestion (cn ) 建议-----同位语从句、表语从句同样要用(should)+动词原形

He made a suggestion that we _________(read) more English books out of class.

19. spare adj 空闲的，多余的 in one’s ~time vt 抽出、分出时间或金钱

Do you carry a ~ wheel in your car? // I have no ~money this month.

Can you ~ me a few minutes for a talk? // Can you ~a cigarette for me?

20. forbit vt ~ sb from doing sth // ~(one’s) doing sth // ~ sb to do sth // (doing) sth is forbidden.

I can’t ~ you from seeing that man again.

He ____________ talk to her. 不准他同她交谈。

Smoking/parking is forbidden here.

Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not ___ her to do so.

A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask

II . Exercises :

a. 选择填空：

1. The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes,_____ after 11p.m.

A. to stay out B. from staying out C. staying out D. not to stay out

2. ____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising

3. _____ you want to remember its usage, you’d better make a sentence with the new word.

A. Unless B. While C. Now that D. Even if

4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _____.

A. it what to do with B. what to do it with　 C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it ___ often enough.

A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained

6. We were having an English class when the lights in the room _____ .

A. put out B. gave out C. went out D. got out

7. ---What do you think of finding a part-time job at college?

--- Good idea, in my opinion, ___ it doesn’t affect your studies.

A. now that B. in case C. providing that D. unless

8. If parents are too hard ___ their children, they will not tell them the truth.

A. with B. to C. at D. on

9. The meeting was ____ to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to postpone it .

A. suggested B. supposed C. thought D. hoped

10. Leave that ____ ;you might break it.

A. off B. out C. alone D. over

b. 词组填空：

go out, now that, be hard on, be supposed to, in charge of, go unpunished, like crazy, insist on

1. He has been working __________________ all his life.

2. You ____________________ have handed in your paper two days ago.

3. ________________ you are grown up, you should no longer depend on your parents.

4. If law breakers _______________________, the society would be in disorder.

5. The young man ____________________ being sent to work in Tibet.

6. The boss _________________________ workers.

Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______.

Could I speak to whoever is ____________________ International Sales, please?