eg: The price includes the tax.

(这个价格包括税金在内。)

其句型常为：

"句子+ including + 被包括部分"

"句子+ 被包括部分 + included "

eg: a) The whole class went to plant trees, including the teacher.

b) The whole class went to plant trees, the teacher included.

(全班，包括老师在内，都去植树了。)

10. affect v. 影响，感动，(疾病)侵袭

eg: a) The change in climate may affect your health .

(气候的变化可能影响你的健康。)

b) Cancer has affected his lungs.

(癌症已侵袭他的肺部)

d) The story affected us deeply.

(这个故事深深地打动了我们)

▲effect n. 影响、效果、作用

have an effect on = affect

Government policy will not affect us.

= Government policy will not have an effect on us.

(政府的政策不会对我们有任何影响。)

11. pay attention to to 是介词。

类似：lead to ,be devoted to ,adapt to ,look forward to

eg: a) Please pay attention to your behavior in public.

12. appreciate vt 感激，意识到，鉴赏 ，欣赏

Appreciate + n /doing /that -clause

eg: a) I appreciated your help .

(我感谢你的帮忙。)=I thank you for helping me .

b) I do not think you appreciate the danger of this job.

(我认为你没有意识到这工作的危险性。)

c) I really appreciate having time to relax.

(我实在喜欢有时间放松一下。)

▲注意：

a) appreciate it +从句 感谢......类似：like / hate + it +从句

eg: I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour .

(若是你肯帮我忙，我会非常感激。)

13. succeed vi/vt 成功 继承 接替

success n . successful adj. successfully adv.

eg :a) The experiment has succeeded . (实验成功了。)

b) Storm was succeeded by calm.

(暴风雨之后是一切宁静)

搭配：succeed in sth /doing sth 在...中获得成功

succeed to sth 继承某物

eg: a) He did not succeed in his first lecture .

(他第一次讲课没有成功。)

b) He succeeded in( passing) the entrance exam.

(他成功地通过了升学考试。)

c) He succeeded to the property. (他继承了财产。)

success n. 成功 (不可数，成功;可数指成功的人或事)

eg: a) Failure is Mother of success .

(失败是成功之母。)

b) He is a success. (他是一个成功人士。)

14.employ 雇用 同hire 反fire

eg : He was employed by the company .

常用搭配：employ oneself in 从事... 忙于...

be employed in从事... 忙于...

eg :a) He employed himself in writing .

(他忙于写作。)

b) How do you employ your spare time?

(你怎么利用你的业余时间?)

c) He is employed in a bank.

(他在一家银行任职)

派生：employee n.受雇者，雇员，雇工

employer n.老板，雇主

employment n.雇用，工作

eg: He has been out of employment for a long time .

(他已经好长时间没有工作了)

15.come into being形成，产生，开始存在 无被动，无进行

eg: a) No one know how such a custom came into being .

(没有人知道这种风俗是如何形成的.)

b) We don't know when the world came into being.

(我们不知道世界是何时开始存在的。)

类似：come into effect 开始生效

come into fashion 开始流行

come into power 开始执政

come into sight 进入视野

16.according to +n ①根据，据说 ②依照

eg: a) According to the radio ,it will rain tomorrow .

(据电台广播，明天有雨。)

b) According to my watch, it is 4 o'clock.

(我表上是四点。)

c) I'll do it according to your instructions.

(我会照你的指示做。)

17. harm n /vt 损害，危害

do harm to 对......有害

harmful be harmful to 对......有害

eg: a) Everybody knows smoking harms our health.(v)

b) What he said harmed our feeling very much

c) What he said did a lot of harm to our feeling .

Reading

1. Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.

黛西一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。

① long 渴望，热望

long for = look forward + n /doing 渴望......

long to do sth 渴望做某事

eg : a) We are all longing for peace .

我们都渴望和平。

b) He longs to see her again.

他渴望再见到她。

c) We longed for the summer to be over soon.

我们盼望夏天赶快结束。

② endangered 过去分词做形容词

2. One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed.

一天她醒来，发现床边有一块飞毯。

① wake up 醒来

wake sb up 叫醒，弄醒某人

eg: a) I wake up at 5 every morning.

(我每天5点醒来。)

b) She's asleep but I'll wake her up in a minute.

(她睡着了，不过我马上会叫醒她。)

3. Daisy responded immediately.

① respond vt/vi 回答，作答，做出反应 (reply)

respond to a question 答复问题

eg :He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.

(他对我的建议报以大笑。)

② response n 反应，回答 (make no response to 对...没有反应)

eg : He made no response to my question .

(他没有回答我的问题。)

4. "I'd like to see some endangered wildlife," she said, "Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater."

(我想去看看一些濒危动植物。请带我到一个遥远的地方，在哪儿我能够找到为做这件毛衣而提供毛绒的那种动物。)

a) 句子结构 第二句直接引语中：where引导的定语从句修饰land ，在该定语从句中含有一个有that引导的定语从句，修饰the animals .

5. Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant.

①was being watched by 现在进行时被动语态

②turn around /round 转身，转回身

eg : The little girl turned around and ran to her mother .

(小女孩转身跑向她的母亲。)

He turned round to find a policeman seeing him.

(他转过身，发现警察正在看他。)

相关短语：

turn on 开 turn off 关turn down 拒绝 ;把音量等开低 turn to 向...求助;转向，turn out生产，结果表明... 证明 turn in上交 turn up 出席，露面， turn into 把...变成

(07高考)She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to A .

A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about

6. We used to be an endangered species . Farmers hunted us without mercy.

(我们以前常常是濒危动物。农民曾毫不留情地捕猎我们。)

① mercy 仁慈，宽恕，怜悯

常见搭配： at the mercy of 在...支配下，任凭...的摆布

have / show mercy on sb 怜悯/ 宽恕某人

without mercy 残忍地

eg : a) Our ship was at the mercy of the wave .

(我们的船任由海浪摆布。)

b) The judge had mercy on the young criminal.

(法官饶恕了这个年轻的罪犯。)

c) They were treated without mercy.

(他们受到残酷的待遇。)

7. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers . (如果旅游者付钱给农民的话，他们允许旅游者们捕猎一定数量的动物。)

① certain adj 某种，一定的，确定的

be certain that -clause

be certain of sth

be certain to do sth .

make certain (of) 弄明白，确定

eg: a) Certain plants are good to eat but others are not .

(某些植物好吃，而另一些则不好吃。)

b) It is certain that the moon goes round the earth.

( 毫无疑问，月亮绕着地球旋转。)

c) He is certain to come.

( 他肯定会来。)

d) Make certain of the rumor.

(弄清楚这个谣言是怎么回事。)

▲ 注意：a certain ,a与 some 某一

a certain 表示已知但未加说明的人或物，可修饰单数复数名词或人名

some表示不确切的或说话人不愿意具体说明的人或事物，后一般不接人名

a 后常跟人名，"一个叫...的人"

eg : a) He didn't attend the party for a certain reason .

(由于某种原因他未参加晚会。)

b)A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out.

(你不在家时有位布朗先生来过电话。)

c) Some man at the door is asking to see you.

(门口有位男子要见你。)

d) A Mr Smith is waiting for you at the door.

(一位名叫史密斯的先生在门口等你。)

8. It shows the importance of wildlife protection,but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.(这表明了野生动物保护的重要性，不过我想按照世界野生动物基金会的建议来帮助你们。)

① as conj (在句中引导方式状语)按照，正如...那样，像...一样

eg : a) When in Rome, do as Romans do.

(入乡随俗)

b) You must do everything as I do.

(你必须照着我做的来做每一件事。)

② suggest

▲ ⑴建议(to mention an idea)后接名词，动名词短语或that从句(用虚拟语气insist ,order ,command ,require ,request etc.)。

eg: She suggested going to the zoo with the child .

(她建议带着孩子去动物园。)

eg: (他建议我们把工作放到明天做。)

He suggested (that) we (should) leave the work till the next day. (从句要用虚拟语气。)

He suggested our leaving the work till the next day.

He suggested to us to leave the work till the next day.(后接to sb时，后面可接不定式。)

▲ ⑵ 暗示，表明 (bring sth to mind ) (从句用陈述语气)

eg: His work suggests that he is a careful man .

(他的工作说明他是一个细心的人。)

The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.

(他脸上的表情说明了他不高兴。)

9. A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself.

(一只猴子一边擦身体，一边望着他们。)

① as 在......的时候，当......，引导时间状语从句

eg: "I'll call you up any time." He said as he left home.

(离家时他说，我随时打电话给你。)

10. What an experience ! 这是一次多么奇妙的经历啊。

感叹句的构成：

⑴What + a/an +adj +单数可数n + 主语 + 谓语

eg: What an important meeting it is !

(多么重要的一次会议啊!)

⑵What + adj +复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语

eg: What beautiful flowers these are !

(这些花多漂亮啊!)

⑶What + adj +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语

eg: What great progress he has made !

(他取得了多么打的进步啊!)

⑷How +adj /adv + 主语 + 谓语

eg: How high the mountain is !

(这山多高啊!)

⑸How + adj +a /an + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语

eg: How clever a boy he is !

(多么聪明的孩子啊!)

What a clever boy he is!

(多么聪明的孩子啊!)

Using language ：

1. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.

千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时他们的前景好像也很安全。

① long before 在......之前很久 before long 不久以后

eg: I knew Smith long before I knew you .

(我在认识你之前很早久认识史密斯了)

eg: It looks as though it will snow before long .

(看上去好像过一会儿要下雪。)

2. When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees .

当科学家们检查这些恐龙骨时，他们惊奇地发现他们不仅能像其他恐龙那样奔跑，还能爬树。

⑴they were surprised to find 是主语 +be +adj +to do 结构，这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时，不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，主动要用to do ,被动用to be done

eg: I'm so glad to meet you here .

(很高兴在此遇见你。)

⑵主语 + be + adj + to have done 强调动作完成或早在过去发生。

eg: John was surprised to have received such an invitation .

(收到这样一份请柬，约翰感到吃惊。)

⑶主语 + be + adj 后面可接从句

eg: The teacher was angry that all the students had made the same mistake .

(老师很生气所有的学生犯了相同的错误。)

3. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.

(有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。)

hit (hit , hit)

⑴ 碰，撞，打，击中(脑袋撞在某物上，一般说hit one's head on /against sth .)

eg: She hit her head against the wall as she fell .

(她倒下时，头撞在了墙上。)

The bullet hit him in the chest.

(子弹击中了他的胸膛。)

⑵ hit可引申为使遭受(自然灾害，损失，痛苦等。)

eg: A powerful earthquake hit the city .

(这座城市遭受了一次强烈地震)

⑶ hit还引申为猜中，达到，碰到。

eg: You have hit it . (你猜中了。)

The new train can hit 120 mph.

(这种新型火车时速可达120英里。)

The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.

(今天早上我醒来，突然产生了这个想法。)

注意：beat也有打，击之意，但多指反复的击打，并可表示心脏的，脉搏的跳动，打败对方等意思，而hit则无此意。

eg: The rain was beating on the windows .

(雨点敲打着窗子。)

His heart was beating fast at the news.

(听到这消息，他的心跳得很快。)

Grammar：

现在进行时的被动语态

一? 基本结构

1. 肯定形式:"助动词be(am/is/are) + being + 过去分词",其中的is, am, are表明谓语动词的动作发生的时间为现在,并随着作主语的名词(代词)的人称和数的不同而使用其中的某一个形式; being done则表示正在进行的被动动作?例如:

The bridge over the river is being rebuilt.

(这条河上的桥正在重建? )

2. 否定形式:把否定词not放在助动词be(am/is/are)之后,

即:"be(am/is/are) + not + being + 过去分词"?如有多个助动词,则not放在第一个助动词之后?例如:

The room is not being cleaned now.

(现在没人打扫房间? )

3. 一般疑问句形式:把助动词be(am/is/are)移到句首并大写首字母,句末加问号,即:"Be(Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + being + 过去分词?"?例如:

Is your house being painted?

(你的房子正在粉刷吗?)

4. 特殊疑问句形式:多数情况下,其构成方法是把疑问代词或疑问副词直接加在一般疑问句之前,具体情况可分为以下三种:

① "疑问代词(作主语) + is being + 过去分词 + 其他?"?例如:

What is being done on the life of pandas?

(正在采取什么措施保护大熊猫的生命? )

② "疑问代词(作定语) + 名词 +is/are being + 过去分词 + 其他?"?例如:

Whose buildings are being built in the town?

(城里正在建谁的楼房? )

③ "疑问副词 + is/are + 主语+ being + 过去分词 + 其他?"?例如:

Where is the elk being studied by scientists?

(科学家们正在哪里研究麋鹿呢? )

二? 常见的四种基本用法

1. 表示现在时刻正在进行的被动动作,即谓语动词表示的动作此刻正在进行?这是被动语态的基本形式?例如:

The plan is being discussed at the meeting.

(这个计划正在会上讨论? )

2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(但该动词在说话的瞬间未必正在进行),即谓语动词表示的动作在目前阶段正在进行?例如:

A new school is being built in the town.

( 在这个镇上一所新学校正在建设。)

3. 表示一种经常性的被动行为,常和always, constantly等表示频度的副词连用?这种用法常常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩?例如:

He is always being praised by the leader.

(他总是受到领导的表扬? )

I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.

(我感到很迷惑,我们商店的商品老是被偷? )

4. 与部分情态动词连用,表示对谓语动词正在进行的动作的一种推测?例如:

The patient must be being examined.

三? 被动语态使用中的常见错误

1. 在现在进行时的被动语态中, am, is, are为第一助动词, being为第二助动词,缺一不可,且不可互换位置?例如:

The report is being written by one of the best students.

(报告正由一名最好的学生写着呢。)

The report is well written.(系表结构)

( 这个报告写得好。)

注:在文章标题?广告?新闻中使用此类结构时,常省略助动词be, 因此出现了being紧跟主语的情况?例如:

English teachers being wanted. 英语教师正在热聘中?(广告用语, being前省略了助动词are)

Snow being cleaned away. 积雪正在被清扫?(新闻报道, being前省略了助动词is)

2. take care of, look after, talk about, think of等短语动词用在现在进行时的被动语态中时,其中的介词不可省略?例如:

(还在考虑什么别的事情? )

【误】 What else is being thought?

【正】 What else is being thought of?

3. 一些表示某种情况?状况或特点的动词如happen, appear, rise, become, wear, wash等,没有现在进行时的被动语态?例如:

(这本书卖得很好? )

【误】 The book is being sold well.

【正】 The book sells well.

4. 现在进行时的被动语态不与表示时间或次数的状语连用?例如:

(这块表修了两次了? )

【误】 The watch is being repaired twice.

【正】 The watch has been repaired twice.

5.现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词)

A party is being held tonight.

(今晚将要举行一场晚会。)

四? 高考链接

1. (MET 1991) -Have you moved into the new house?

-Not yet, the rooms ______.

A. are being painted B. are painting

C. are painted D. are being painting

[答案与简析] 答案为A? 本题题干的答语意为"没有,房间正在油漆",其标准对照时间点为现在,"房间正在油漆"实际指"房间被油漆",因此空白处应填现在进行时的被动语态形式are being painted?

2. (2001京?蒙?皖春招) A new cinema______here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built

C. has been built D. is being built

[答案与简析] 答案为D? 根据本题题干中的第二个句子"They hope to finish it next month"的意思,说明本题题干第一个句子的意思应为"新电影院还在建设之中"?当然电影院是被建设?所以空白处应填现在进行时的被动语态形式is being built?

3. (2002上海春招) Rainforests______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut B. are cut

C. are being cut D. had been cut

[答案与简析] 答案为C? 本题题干的意思应为"雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐或烧掉以至于在不久的将来它们将会消失"?我们根据"they will disappear from the earth in the near future"提供的语境可以判断,空白处应填are being cut, 即表示"正在被砍伐"之意?

4. (2005山东) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth______each year.

A. is washing away B. is being washed away

C. are washing away D. are being washed away

[答案与简析] 答案为D? 本题题干的意思应为"随着更多的森林被破坏,每年大量的良田在被冲走"?又因主语quanties是复数形式,所以谓语动词应用现在进行时的被动语态形式are being washed away?

高中是人生中的关键阶段，大家一定要好好把握高中，编辑老师为大家整理的高一下册英语教案范文，希望大家喜欢。

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