24)It doesn't matter what you do.什么都没关系。

在上述诸例中，后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置，而出现于句首。

To translate this article is difficult.

Going there so early is no use.

That he did not come at all is strange.

上述结构远不如用先行it结构普通。此外，也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。如：

25)It seems that John is not coming after all. 似乎约翰终竟不来。

26)It happened that John was the only witness. 碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。

上述两例只能转换为：

John doesn't seem to be coming after all.

John happened to be the only witness.

(2)用作形式宾语

27)I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. 我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。

28)He thought it no use going over the subject again. 他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。

29)They kept it quiet that he was dead. 他们对他的死保密。

30)We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。5. 分裂句引导词it.

分裂句是以it为引导词的强调句型。它的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。如：

31)It was Jane that/who called this morning. 是珍妮今天上午打来电话。

32)It was a parcel that she brought him. 她带给他的是一个包裹。

分裂句是由普通陈述句转换而来的。通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分。如：

33)John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节给了玛丽一个提包。

根据上下文和语义意图，说话人可以通过分裂句分别强调主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语，使之成为信息中心。

34)It was John that/who gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 是约翰在圣诞节给了玛丽一个提包。

35)It was Mary that John gave a handbag (to) at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节是给玛丽提包的。

36)It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. 约翰在圣诞节给玛丽的是一个提包。

37)It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 是在圣诞节约翰给了玛丽一个提包。

分裂句的时态一般应一致，即主句与从句的时态应皆用现在时，或皆用过去时，或皆用将来时。如：

38)It is not I who am angry. 发怒的不是我。

39)It was my two sisters who knew her best. 是我的两个姐妹最了解她。

40)It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this. 对此须受责难的将不是你。

有时分裂句的谓语动词还可以采取复杂形式。如：

41)It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 可能是在圣诞节约翰给玛丽一个提包。

42)It might have been John who gave Mary a handbag. 很可能是约翰给了玛丽一个提包。

分裂句可以强调多种多样的状语成分。如：

43)It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. 是在她即将上床睡觉时电话铃响了。

44)It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想买一本词典而进城的。

45)It was not until his father came back that Tom went to bed yesterday.

昨天汤姆是直到他父亲回来才上床睡觉的。(注意句中not的位置)

主语补语通常不可以用作分裂句的中心成分，如在规范英语中通常不说：

It is beautiful that she is.

It is chairman of the Committee that he is.

但是宾语补语是可以这样用的。如：

46)It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him. 他们选他是作委员会主席。

47)It is green that they have painted the wall. 他们把墙壁漆的是绿色。

注：(1)当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，如上述例(31)、(34)、(38)，强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that。

(2)分裂句中的that与who在非正式文体中可以省略，如：

48)It was the President himself spoke to me.是总统亲自和我谈了话。(省去从句主语who)

49)It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗水的。(省去从句的宾语that)

50)It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。(省去从句连词that)

有时还可省去句首的it is，如：

51)A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! 彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊!

(3)分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如：

52)Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。

53)When was it that he arrived at the village? 是何时他到达了这个村子?

54)Why was it that he was late for school? 他是为什么上学迟到的?1. 分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别： 比较：

55)It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 玛丽本应获得第一名，真令人吃惊!(先行词it)

56)It is Mary that has won the first place. 是玛丽获得了第一名。(分裂句引导词it)

2. 虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别。 比较：

57)It was three o'clock in the morning when his father came back.(虚义it指时间) 他父亲回来时是凌晨3点。

58)It was at three o'clock in the morning that his father came back. (分裂句引导词it) 他父亲是在凌晨3点回来的。

3. 分裂句中that/who- 从句与that/who引导的定语从句之区别。 比较：

59)It is money that is most needed.(分裂句中的that-从句) 最需要的是钱。

60)This is the money that is most needed.(that引导定语从句) 这就是最需要的钱。

61)It is Mary who has broken the glass (分裂句中的who-从句) 是玛丽打破了玻璃杯。

62)Mary is the girl who has won the first place.(who引导定语从句) 玛丽是获得第一名的姑娘。

区别方法：如将句型It is/was…that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。如(56)例去掉It is …that

则变成： Mary has won the first place. 玛丽获得了第一名。

(58)例变成：His father came back at three o'clock in the morning. 他父亲在凌晨3点回来。

(59)例变成：Money is most needed. 钱是最需要的。

(61)例变成：Mary has broken the glass. 玛丽打破了玻璃杯。

4. “拟似”分裂句

如前所述，一般分裂句是不可以用简单陈述句的谓语动词作为中心成分的。如果要强调谓语动词，就得采用另外一种强调句型，这种句型又叫做“拟似”分裂句。如：

63)I gave her a book.

What I did was (to) give her a look. 我所做的是给她一本书。

64)He took a plane to Beijing. What he did was (to) take a plane to Beijing. 他所做的是乘飞机去北京。

65)The student is going to write an article.