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2013-02-05

They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)

但不能说:They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)

7. so little 与 such little的区别。用so little还是such little取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little:

He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。

I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。

8. some 与 any的用法区别。一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any:

Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?

Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?

Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?

注:any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:

Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。

Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。

9. many 与 much的用法区别。两者都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:

Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?

We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。

在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:

Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。

Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。

You've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。

Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。

I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。

10. few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别。

(1) few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:

It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。

It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。

(2) little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:

Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。

Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。

11. other, the other, another与others的用法区别:这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:

(1) 指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用 the other:

Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。

Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。

(2) 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词):

There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。

Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了?

(3) others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:

Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。

He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。

(4) another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词:

We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。

In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。

(5) 与 some 对比使用时,用 others(此时与 some 同义):

Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。

12. 不定代词与语境考题。不定代词是高考的常考考点,有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活,不能死套规则,要注意结合语境来理解:

(1) “Is ____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”

A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody

若只是从表面来看,填空句是个疑问句,可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B,因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”,这说明问句是在查人数,故用 Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗?)

(2) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.

A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing

此句若从表面看,有可能误选B,因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A,因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”,这与下文的 but I don’t agree with everything(但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。

(3) “Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”

A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。”

(4) “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.

A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

此题容易误选A,机械地认为:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。但是,此题的最佳答案是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。

标签:英语语法

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