高中英语语法指导：直接引语和间接引语用法
编辑：
2012-09-14
He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”
He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”
→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。
Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”
→Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”他说：“现在九点了。”
→He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了。
He said, “I haven't seen her today.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”
→He said that he hadn't seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她。
She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。
She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”
→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。
He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”
→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there; ago→before)
She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（come→go；here→there；this→that）
以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。
Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”
→Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。
He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”
He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。
巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。
三、直接引语是疑问句时
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。
1、直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
She said, “Is your father an engineer?” 她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”
→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。
The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老师对李明说：“你做完作业了吗?”
→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。
2、直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did，要去掉。
“What do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每星期天上午你做什么?
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。
“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacher asked. 老师问道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老师问李明曾去过哪儿。
I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?” 我问她说：“下学期你将读多少本英语书? ”
→I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。
“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么时候起床的?”
→My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。
注意： 直接引语里是：What's wrong with……?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”
He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。
四、直接引语是祈使句
巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do something结构。
He said,“Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐。”
→He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。
The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话! ”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。
The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”
→The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！
The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”
→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。
五、点击考点
I.改错：
1.He said that he is going to London.
2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.
3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.
4.They asked that he was there.
5.I asked you where was he going.
6.The teacher told us not talk any more.
7.The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.
8.He asked me who I am.
9.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.
10.Mother asked what the matter was.
II.将下列句子改为间接引语
1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.
2.The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”
3.The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”
4.He said, “I'll go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”
5. “Hello,how are you?”, he said to me.
6.Tom said to me angrily, “Why don’t you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”
7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”
8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Don’t make the same mistake again.”
9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.
10.The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”
参考答案:
I. 1.is→was 2.yesterday→the day before 3.don’t→not to 4.that→if
5.was he→he was 6.not 后面加to 7.Not→Don't 8.am→was
9.tomorrow→the next day 10.was the matter
II. 1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.
2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.
3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.
4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.
5.He asked me how I was.
6.Tom asked me angrily why I didn't tell him I had been there for two weeks.
7.John asked Mary if she remembered he had borrowed a diamond necklace from her.
8.The teacher told Li Ming not to make the same mistake again.
9.I asked her whether she was leaving that day or the next day.
10.The nurse told the children that the sun rises in the east.