While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.

While reading the letter, tears come to her eyes. (错误)

当分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语，这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构，一般用逗号与主句分开。

It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.

He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.

Our work having been finished, we went home.

They’re being no buses, we went home.

Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.

Mr. smith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.

4. 做宾语补足语。

see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .

Don’t have the medicine working all the time.

I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许，不容忍。

* get sb. /sth . doing 使。。重新开始

get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动

It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to stop them.

I often hear the song sung in English.

he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .

I saw the boy beaten by tom.

The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.

The boy was last seen playing in the river.

注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on

We found her dressed in red today.

The thief was caught stealing

Dressed in red, she went out.

We found him hidden behind the door.

We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.

I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.

Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?

He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.

Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.

Compared with tom, he is an honest man.

Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—。 构成。