编辑:
2012-09-14
They decided to stop fighting.
(1) 后须接不定式作宾语的动词有:
afford,apply,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,decide,determine,help,expect,hope,happen,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,fail,plan,prepare 等。
The horse refused to jump the wall.
(2) 不定式作宾语带有宾补时,须借用 it 作形式宾语,后面接这种结构的动词有:think,consider,feel,find,make 等。
Do you think it difficult to understand him?
(3) 可接不定式作宾语的介词有:but,except,besides 等。
He likes nothing but to watch TV.
(4) 在 would/should + like/love/prefer/care/hate 后常只用动词不定式。
I’d hate to catch a cold.
3. 作表语
My wish is to become a scientist.
作表语的不定式与“be +不定式”结构:
不定式可作 be 动词及 seem 等一些不及物动词的表语,说明主语的特征性质或内容,此时不定式短语与主语常可互换位置;“be +不定式”结构中 be 动词不可用其它词,表示按计划安排要做的事,不定式与主语不可互换位置。
The duty of a doctor is to save lives.(不定式作表语)
= To save lives is the duty of a doctor.
4. 作定语
不定式作定语与先行词有动宾、主谓或解释先行词的内容等关系,常后置。不定式的主动形式可表示主动或被动意义,有时有区别,有时无区别,但被动形式只表示被动意义。用不定式作定语所修饰的名词、代词有:nothing,something,anything,anybody,somebody,thing,wish,decision,chance,right,time,reason,need,promise,plan,person,ability 等。
He has no room to live in.
5. 作状语
(1) 作目的状语
引出目的状语的词常有 to,only to,in order to,so as to,so 或 such… as to,其中 so as to 不用于句首,否定式常用 in order not to,so as not to,常不直接用 not to。
To be a teacher one must first be a pupil.
(2) 作结果状语
Tom hurried to the school to find nobody there.
引出结果状语的词有 to,only to,enough to,too… to,so as to,so(或 such)…as to,其中 too… to 结构有三种用法:
① to do 部分含否定意思,“太……而不能……”
He is too tired to work. 他太累,不能工作了。
② to do 部分含肯定意思,常用的形容词有 glad,pleased,ready,happy 等。
I’m too glad to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。
③ too… not to 双重否定等于肯定含义,“太……以致难免会……”,“很……不会不……”。
He is too honest not to tell the truth. 他很诚实,不会不说实话。
(3) 不定式充当副词作状语修饰形容词
常用句型有 it/sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.,及 find/feel/think 等+宾语+ adj. + to do。
He is always ready to help others.
6. 作宾语或主语的补足语
He asked me to talk about English study.
(1) 接宾语+ (to) do 的动词
① 须接宾语+ to do 的动词:allow,ask,advise,assist,beg,cause,drive(驱使),expect,force,forbid,get,hate,want,like,order,tell,wish,press(催促),attempt,urge,invite,permit,persuade,encourage,remind,request,warn(warn sb. not to do sth.),call on,depend on,wait for 等。
We don’t allow students to smoke.
② 须接宾语+ do,但在被动语态中,作主补的不定式要用 to do 的动词,主要是感官动词和使役动词:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三使(let,make,have)、五看(see,look at,watch,notice,observe)。
We often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
③ 后接宾语+ (to) do 的动词有 help 等。
He often helps us (to) repair things.
(2) 常接宾语+疑问词+ to do 的动词有 show,teach 等。
Would you teach us how to learn English?
(3) 接宾语+ to be 的动词有:believe,consider,think,declare,discover,feel,find,guess,take(以为),judge,imagine,know,prove,show,suppose,understand,prove 等,其中 believe,think,discover,imagine,suppose,understand,prove等词后可省去 to be。
We considered Tom (to be) one of the best students in our class.
(4) 接宾语+ as 短语作宾补的动词有:regard,think,believe,take,consider,admire,honour,respect 等。
We regard Mr. Wang as our best teacher.
(5) 可接 there + to be 的动词有:wish,expect,believe,like,love,intend,prefer等。
I wished there to be someone in the room.
7. 作同位语
用作同位语的不定式是说明所修饰的名词的具体内容,这类名词常表示抽象意义如:fact,idea,belief,promise,answer,wish,reason 等。
He came here for the same reason, to support her in the election.
8. 作插入语
用作插入语的不定式表示说话人的态度,或是说话人对说话内容的解释或评价。不定式可位于句首、句中、句末,在句法上与句子联系不紧。常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be exact(确切地说),to start with(首先),be begin with(首先),to be honest(老实地说),to be sure(毫无疑问),to be frank(坦率地说);to sum up(总之),to tell the truth(老实地说),to be short(简言之),to my knowledge(据我所知),to conclude(总之)等。
To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.
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