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高中英语语法宾语从句讲解

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2012-07-10

高中英语语法宾语从句讲解(4)

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。

1.连接词

1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。

2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。

3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。

注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他

2.判断时态情况:

1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况。

2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。

3.关系代词:that,who,whom,whose,which

eg: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.

A. was B. is C. were D. are

2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.

A. win B. won C. will win D. wins

3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man.

A. whether B. if C. that D. who

4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.

A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where

答:选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”;temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语,use sth. as…“把…用作…

宾语从句用作宾语。如:

Do you know where he lives?

定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

This is the man whom he is looking for.

Do you know the girl who is in red?

语法~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

3.宾语从句的用法

1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外:

(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略

(2) and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。

He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.

(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。

I heard it said that he had gone abroad

We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time

2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:

(1)whether从句中有or not

(2)whether从句做介词宾语

Everything depends on whether you agree with us

3.许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构常是:

主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone

4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.

Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。

Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.

Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.

Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.

Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.

C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。

Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.

Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.

D 主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态;具体细节请看第一部分。

False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.

Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.

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