三、高考热点归纳

本单元重点语法是定语从句;分词(现在分词和过去分词)的用法以及it做形式主语的用法。

[经典解析]

例：1. Do you know the boy_____under the big tree? (1989年全国高考题)

A. lay B.lain C.laying D.lying

解析：答案为D。现在分词短语 lying under the big tree“正躺在大树下”做定语，修饰 boy。用“躺”的现在分词表示“主动”和“进行”的概念。注意记准：放、下蛋：lay—laid—laid—laying;躺：lie—lay—lain—lying;说谎：lie—lied—lied—lying。

例：2、 Is_____necessary to complete the design before National Day? (1989年全国高考题)

A. this B. that C. it D. he

简析：答案为C。这里要填的是形式主语。只有it才能做形式主语或形式宾语。真正的主语是不定式“to com-

plete the design...”。

例：3.Most of the artists_____to the party were from South Africa. (1990年全国高考题)

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D.had been invited

简析：答案为A。主语与谓语之间“were”的部分是主语的定语。如果是从句做主语，应为“who had been invited”，还缺充当从句主语的关系词 who，故不选D。“邀请”和“艺术家”的关系应为被动的，排除B。“邀请”应先于谓语动词，所以用过去分词，选A。而C是现在分词的被动式，表示“正在”，而谓语动词“同时”或与说话时“同时”，明显是错误的。

例：4、The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，_____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (1994年全国高考题)

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

简析：答案为C。与谓语动词“”是两个同时发生的动作，可以用现在分词表示伴随的动作;因为A用了完成式，“补充说到”发生在“表达”之前，不合逻辑，排除A。D表示两个并列的谓语动词，但缺少并列连词，因此不能选D。而B不定式表示目的：“为了补充说……于是就表达了……”不符合逻辑。

例：5. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.

(1996年全国高考题)

A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were

简析：答案为C。The number of 与单数动词配用，排除A、D。a number of 与复数动词连用，排除A、B。

例：6. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by an hour.. (1998年全国高考题)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

简析：答案为C。“按小时付报酬”与主语是被动关系，应选过去分词paid。被动语态除了可由“be+过去分词”构成外，还可以由“get+过去分词”构成。

例：7. Peper money was in ______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____ thir-

teenth century. (1999年全国高考题)

A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填

简析：答案为C。本题主要考察冠词的用法。in use 是习惯用法，use 前不加冠词;在序数词(thirteen)前面要加定冠词。因此要选C。

例：8. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn't expected. (2000年全国高考题)

A. when B. that C. which D. what

简析：答案为C。此处为非限定性定语从句，排除D( what 不能引导定语从句)和B( that 不能引导非限制性定语从句)。因为关系词在从句中要做动词( expected )的宾语，因此要用关系代词 which，排除关系副词when。

例：10. John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true. (2001年春季高考题)

A. he B. this C. which D. Who

简析：答案为C。这里是考查非限制性定语从句。需要用关系词，排除A和B。先行词代表前面整个句子所说的内容，因此关系词要用 which，而不能用表人的 who。