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1、直接引语和间接引语的用法

1?陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句?变为间接引语时用连词that (that在口语中常省略) 引导?其人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词作相应的变化。若引述动词用的是say to sb. 通常改为tell sb?若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句?要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that?引导第一个宾语从句的that可省?但引导第二个从句的that通常不省。

1) “I hope you can come,” he said to me. →He told me that he hoped I could go. 2) He said, “I am tired and I want to have a rest.”→He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest.  

2?一般疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句时?变为间接引语时用if 或 whether 引导?语序为陈述句语序?若谓语动词后没有间接宾语?

加上间接宾语me, him, her, us等。

1) “Have you been there?” he asked. →He asked me if / whether I had been there. 2) He asked, “Are you interested in English?”→He asked me if I was interested in English. 3?特殊疑问句 直接引语为特殊疑问句时?变为间接引语用疑问词作为连词?构成宾语从句?语序为陈述语序?若直接引语的动词为say?改为ask。 1) He said, “Jim, when is the next train?” →He asked Jim when the next train was.  

2) He asked me, “Why did you do it?”→ He asked me why I had done it. ♥直接引语变间接引语的五点变化

1. 时态的变化。若主句为过去时态?变为间接引语的宾语从句通常为以下变化?一般现在时变为一般过去时?一般将来时变为过去将来时?现在进行时变为过去进行时?现在完成时变为过去完成时?一般过去时变为过去完成时(若直接引语为过去完成时?变为间接引语时?可不变)。

【注意】

1) 若直接引语为客观真理?则变为间接引语时时态不变。如?The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”→ The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.        

2) 有时直接引语有特定的过去时间状语?变为间接引语时时态可不变。如?He said, “My son was born in 1995.”→He said that his son was born in 1995.  

2. 时间状语的变化。now→ then; today→ that day; tonight→ that night; this week (month, year)→that week (month, year); two days (years) ago→ two days (years) before; the day before yesterday→ two days before; yesterday→ the day before; last week (month, year) →the week (month, year) before; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year)→the next week (month, year) 如?He said, “She left yesterday.” →He said that she had left the day before.

【注意】若在当时转述?now不必改为then?若在当天转述?today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等。

3?代词的变化。指示代词?this→ that; these→ those人称代词的变化?(口诀) “一主?二宾?三不变”。(“一”指从句的第一人称?“主”是指主句的主语?在变为间接引语时?从句的第一人称与主句的主语要一致?“二”指从句的第二人称?“宾”是指主句的宾语?在变为间接引语时?从句的第二人称与主句的宾语要一致?“三”指从句的第三人称?在变为间接引语时不变)。如? “I like these better than she does,” he said to me.→He told me that he liked those better than she did.

4?地点状语的变化。here→ there  【注意】若在当地转述?则here可不改为there。

5?动词的变化。come → go 【注意】若地点未发生改变?come可不变。  

2.before  在……之前  You can‟t borrow books from school library before you get your student card. 在多久之后才…… They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal . 过多久才…… He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.常用于before sb. can/ could… 以免?以防?趁……还没有……,强调动作的必要性?以避免或防止从句动作的发生。 He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.  

3. It / This / That is the first / second / third …time that It was the first time in a year and a half that I‟d seen the night face to face.

1) This is the first time that I have seen to Beijing

2) It was the second time that I had seen the film.

4,主语+ think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词 + 不定式短语?结构中it 作形式宾语?代替后面的不定式短语。

1) I find it pleasant to work with him. 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。  

2) Tom didn‟t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese. 汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。  

3) All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.这些噪音使我无法继续工作。  

5,  I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. 解析?do want是强调谓语?用来加强语气的。强调谓语时?用助动词do; does或 did+动词原形。

1) She does sing the song well.

2) He did finish his homework.

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人教版高一英语必修一Unit1 Friendship词义辨析 

人教版高一英语必修一Unit1 Friendship短语分析