编辑:
2015-03-19
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 |
区 |
例 |
限制性 定语从句中 |
名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which |
He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. |
非限制性 定语从句中 |
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。 |
They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. |
the same... as和 the same ...that |
the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 |
That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具,不是同一把) That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。 |
注意:the way 做先行词时,定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别
类 |
区 |
例 |
定语从句 与 并列句 |
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 |
①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer. ②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer. 从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom; ②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词 them。 |
定语从句 与 状语从句 |
定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。 |
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为the place) Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句) |
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。 |
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句) It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句) |
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When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。 |
This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句) Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。(状语从句) |
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定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 |
It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 (as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句) It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。 (that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句) |
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定语从句 与 同位语从句 |
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 |
The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句) 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句:The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句) The news that he told us 是定语从句,此句不能改写为:The news is that he told |
定语从句 与 强调句 |
强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 |
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport. ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works. 从结构上看: ①小题是强调句,故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in,故填 where。 |
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