二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.

The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. 明天我将把你要的杂志带来。

This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

注意：

1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正)

This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)

The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)

3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?

2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。

Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗?

3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

From the years when/in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

四、限制性和非限制性定语从句

1. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2. 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。