C

If you have a private car, there may be opportunities to do more than just drive around where you live. You need to work out the details for a long trip. Anywhere you go, your end goal is to arrive safely and in good time at your destination. You might be very annoyed if your car breaks down or you experience some emergency, particularly if it could have been prevented. So if you want to have a smooth trip, these tips can be helpful.

Firstly, it is best to guarantee that your car is running properly and doesn’t require any general maintenance (维修). Be certain to set up any needed service in advance so it can be completed before your trip.

It is additionally important to have what you may need if you meet car trouble along the way. For example, will you remember to check the air pressure in your spare tire when you check the four tires currently on your vehicle? It should be adequately inflated (鼓起的) so you could drive on it if something happens to one of the other tires.

If you need to fix your car during the trip, you should have the right equipment with you and be able to use it. There are of course other mechanical problems that you simply don’t know how to deal with. It might be wise to have contact information for towing (拖车) services and roadside assistance readily available in case of emergency.

For a family trip, be equipped for unexpected interruptions. When you have kids, it is essential to have things available for them to do as well as food and drink. Remember to have everything packed, also including a first aid bag in case of any minor injuries or sickness. In cold weather, you should have extras like blankets to keep you warm if you get stuck.

39.  Why do you have to get adequately prepared for your long car trip?

A. To avoid breaking traffic laws.          B. To make the travel trouble-free.

C. To reduce the cost on the trip.          D. To behave normally as drivers.

40.  Before starting the trip, you must make sure _______.

A. your car is in perfect condition          B. your car needs general maintenance

C. you have long trip driving experience     D. your passengers listen to you

41.  When you can’t manage a self-service for your car, you’d best _______.

A. borrow convenient equipment           B. review the service documents

C. inform the insurance company           D. seek nearest roadside assistance

42.  From the last two paragraphs we can infer that _______.

A. you’ve got to learn how to fix a car before starting a long trip

B. most long distance trips are dangerous in one way or another

C. children need more than just food and drink for a long trip

D. it is not a good idea to take kids with you on a long trip

D

For some reason we are reminded that we primates (灵长目动物) need love. Kim Bard and her colleagues carried out a study on 46 chimpanzee (大猩猩) orphans, which had lost their mothers. The study showed that primate babies that had tight relationships with mother figures did much better on cognitive (认知) tests than babies who only grew up with fellows, but this is not breaking news. In fact, it’s old news.

In the 1950s, Harry Harlow did a series of experiments with baby monkeys, which showed that lack of love and comfort would make for a crazy monkey. Harlow made a cage that included a wire monkey “mother” with a plastic face. Then he equipped the “mother” with a milk bottle. The cage also had another wire “mother” who was covered with soft cloth. The baby monkeys spent all their time with the cloth “mother” and only went to the wire “mother” to feed.

Harlow’s monkey experiment was important because, at the time, childcare experts, and everybody’s grandmother had a “no touch, no comfort” policy toward children. They advised parents not to respond to crying babies. They thought that babies should sleep alone to become independent. But Harlow’s work changed that policy. Mothers were soon allowed to have their babies next to them in the hospital.

The current chimpanzees research based on Harlow’s work shows that mother’s love doesn’t just make for a psychologically (心理) healthy child, it also makes for a smart child. The highly raised chimpanzees do better than those that are not loved, and the well-raised chimpanzees do even better than human kids on IQ tests.

We are social animals which need love. We need to be held and talked to and made to feel that at least one person wants to be with us all the time.

43.  Through the study, Kim Bard concluded that _______.

A. lack of mother love affects a child’s mental growth

B. mother love improves a child’s physical development

C. chimpanzees do better than monkeys in IQ tests

D. mother love helps raise a more independent child

44.  In Harlow’s experiment, the baby monkeys _______.

A. stay more often with the wire “mother” with milk

B. are emotionally attached to the clothed wire “mother”

C. refuse to take the two wire “mothers” as real mothers

D. respond in the same way to both wire “mothers”

45.  What shows Harlow’s experiment changed the childcare policy?

A. Babies’ separation form mothers.        B. A “no touch, no comfort” policy.

C. Babies stayed with their mothers.       D. Grandmothers replaced mothers.

46.  The current research on chimpanzees further proved that mother love _______.

A. is not needed by everybody            B. contributes to overweight

C. prevents independence                D. helps babies in more than one way