第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、 B、 C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

【2012陕西卷】

A

Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露)to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风)within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好)quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

56. The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______ .

A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercising

C. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food

57. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ .

A. relatively high B. extremely low

C. relatively low D. extremely high

58. What can we learn from the text?

A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

59. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _______.

A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain

【2012湖北卷】

B

When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.

It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.

The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.

Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light­rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.

On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?

I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.

60.Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?

A.Having a car ride.

B.Taking the train twice.

C.Buying more than one toy.

D.Touring the historic district.

61.According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?

A.Building confidence in herself.

B.Reducing her use of private cars.

C.Developing her sense of direction.

D.Giving her knowledge about vehicles.

62.The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”.

A.displayed B.justified C.ignored D.ruined

63.Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?

A.Airplane. B.Subway. C.Train. D.Car.

【2012辽宁卷】

C

Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.

A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.

“It's based on trust, and it's working all right,” says co­owner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.

“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,”Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.

The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys.“He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup,”says Birky.

64. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?

A. They refused to have volunteers.

B. They offered low quality food.

C. They provided customers with a good environment.

D. They closed down because of poor management.

65. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead.

B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.

C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town.

D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.

66. The author's attitude towards running such a cafe is ________.

A. unfavorable B. Approving C. doubtful D. cautious

【2012北京卷】

D

Wilderness

“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rain forests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

67.John Sauven holds that ________.

A.many people value nature too much

B.exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C.wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D.the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

68.What is the main idea of Para.3?

A.The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B.Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C.Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D.All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

69.What is the author's attitude towards this debate?

A.Objective. B.Disapproving.

C.Sceptical. D.Optimistic.

70.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub­point(次要点)

C：Conclusion

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。【2012全国新课标】

Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:

(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73

(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.

(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,

especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.

C. Different people feel stress in different ways.

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don't forget about your friends.

G. Then, find a way to calm down.

第II卷

注意事项:

1.答题前，考生先在答题卡上用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，然后贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.第II卷共2页，请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，在试题卷上作答无效

注意:将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节 【2012陕西卷】短文改错(共10小题;每小题I分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)(注意:在试题卷上作答无效)

【2012福建卷】

假定你是某中学生英语报的小记者;以下漫画内容是你的所见所闻,请根据要求写一篇英语短文投稿。

内容要求：

1.描述漫画内容; 2.发表个人感想。

注意：

1. 短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数;

2. 考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯

3. 词数120左右;

4. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息。

参考词汇:告示牌sign

Mind Your Behavior in Public Places

Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________