第二部分 完形填空(每小题1分；满分20分)

We should show respect to everybody, especially our elders because they are ahead of us — in age, in wisdom and maturity, in experience and education. Our 36 have done a lot for us, directly or indirectly and most of us 37 everything to their kindness and love.

When we 38 them respect, whether it is by bowing to them, or 39 them with a smile, or offering them any help they need, it is one way of 40 our own love and gratitude to them. 41 , elders have also been through all the years you are 42 and know a little more about the world than you do.

It is 43 that you do not agree with the belief of your elders, but this is nothing new. All younger generations have always 44 with their elders and it is these differences that bring changes in human 45 . However much you disagree with them, give them credit for their 46 .

With changing times and 47 influences, youngsters no longer know what is interpreted as

disrespect to elders. Youngsters should 48 express their views and if there are arguments, they should not 49 their voices.

 

If there is no space on sofas or chairs, children will immediately 50 their places, and sit on the carpet. In buses and trains, youngsters are 51 to give up their places to older people. This is not a 52 of who has more rights. It is simply that those who are younger have the strength to bear53 , or tolerate unpleasantness, so it is natural to show consideration to those who are older and perhaps at a 54 disadvantage.

When you do simple things as a mark of respect, elders become 55 that youngsters care for them, and they respond with affection and kindness.

36. A. youngsters B. elders C. parents D. juniors

37. A. devote B. owe C. pay D. contribute

38. A. show B. explain C. exhibit D. point

39. A. greeting B. receiving C. declaring D. showing

40. A. expressing B. describing C. sending D. suggesting

41. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Though

42 A. experiencing with B. going through C. suffering from D. worrying out

43. A. true B. likely C. reasonable D. strange

44. A . quarreled B. dealt C. lived D. disagreed

45. A. community B. organization C. society D. public

46. A. experience B. reality C. emotion D. information

47. A. cultural B. economical C. political D. psychological

48. A. quietly B. slightly C. silently D. coldly

49. A. rise B. raise C. support D. force

50. A. give away B. get rid of C. give up D. send out

51. A. expected B. forced C. needed D. reminded

52. A. doubt B. question C. wonder D. challenge

53. A. suffering B. upset C. trouble D. discomfort

54. A. serious B. light C. heavy D. slight

55. A. aware B. alive C. knowing D. sensible

第三部分阅读理解

A

Benin is one of the smallest African states. It lies in West Africa on the Gulf (海湾) of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east.

Benin used to be called Dahomey and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960, when it became independent. In 1963 the army general Soglo overth

rew (推翻) the first president Maga. Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced by a civilian (非军人) government in 1967. In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over. In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years. However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president. In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place. Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People’s Republic based on Marxism-Leninism.

 

56. Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries?

Bn=Benin;

 

Tg=Togo;

Nr=Niger;

BF=Burkina Faso;

Na=Nigeria;

GG=Gulf of Guinea

57. For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People’s Republic?

A. 30 years. B. 25 years. C. 20 years. D. 15 years.

58. Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin. (Ah=Ahomadegbe; Ke=Kerekou; Ma=Maga; So=Soglo)

A. Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah B. So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke C. Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke D. So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah

59. When and how did Benin get its two names — Benin and Dahomey?

A. Benin was its oldest name. The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again.

B. Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin.

C. Dahomey was its oldest name. The name Benin was used later, but has been replaced by Dahomey again.

D. Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey.

(B)

Winter begins in the north on December 22nd. People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the colder months. Squirrels (松鼠), for example, have been busy gathering nuts from trees. Well, scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirrels do with the food they collect.

They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana. The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut (黑胡桃) trees. The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squirrels. The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests.

Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen, a former Purdue student now at the University of New Mexico. The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirrels as compared to red squirrels. Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way. Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places. But they seldom remember where they buried every nut. So some nuts remain in the ground. Conditions are right for them to develop and grow the following spring. Red squirrels, however, store large groups of nuts above ground. Professor Swihart calls “death traps for seeds”.

Gray squirrels are native to Indiana. But Professor Swihart says their numbers began to decrease as more forests were cut for agriculture. Red squirrels began to spread through the state during the past century.

The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year, unlike walnut trees. They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade Indiana. Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmental problem more than a cause.

60. The study done by Rob Swihart and Jake Goheen is to ________.

A. find out the living conditions for squirrels B. learn squirrels’ influence on black walnut trees

C. do something to get rid of squirrels D. save the forests in the American state of Indiana

61 The difference between gray squirrels and red squirrels mainly lies in ________.

A. the way they gather the walnut B. the time they have winter sleep

C. the place they have winter sleep D. the place they store the walnuts

62. When Professor Swihart says “death traps for seeds”, he actually means that ________.

A. red squirrels eat more nuts than gray squirrels B. gray squirrels and red squirrels will have severe fights

C. nuts above the ground will not develop into plants D. seeds can be traps for other animals in the forest

63. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. The black walnut is equally attractive to both gray and red squirrels.

B. G

ray squirrels do more harm to the forest than red squirrels.

 

C. Red squirrels and gray squirrels have helped the spread of walnut trees.

D. The cleaning of forest land benefits red squirrels directly.

(C)

Television is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques.

In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner (框式广告) and pop-up ads(弹出式广告) to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads.

A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads. Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click advertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be called click fraud (欺诈): representatives of a company with no interest in the product advertised by a competitor click on the competitor’s ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify (摆脱) their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.

Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. As the pace of the Internet’s evolution increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoidsconstancy (持续性) and welcomes change.

64. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The pace of the Internet’s evolution is increasing and will only increase in the future.

B. Internet advertising fails to reach Internet users, causing ads to be blocked.

C. The Internet has experienced dramatic changes in short periods of time.

D. Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.

65. As an advertising medium, the television and the Internet mainly differ in ________.

A. the type of individual each medium reaches B. whether the medium is interactive

C. the pace at which the medium develops D. the cost of advertising with each medium

66. According to the passage, which of the following is a typical click fraud?

A. Using software to block competitors’ advertisements. B. Clicking on the pay-per-click ads of competitors.

C. Clicking on the banner advertisements of opponent companies.

D. Using search engine to attack the pages of competitors.

67. What does the author imply about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?

A. It will eventually become less popular just like other forms of Internet advertising.

B. It will not face shortcomings due to its differing approach to online marketing.

C. Internet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.

D. Although it improves on pay-per-click advertising, it still suffers from click fraud.

(D)

Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew. And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.

Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch(缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.

Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.

American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.

Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.

However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement(侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties(版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.

68. Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________.

A. people did not know how to put out the fire B. Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention

C. the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally D. workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire

69. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer. B. The Singer sewing company became more practical.

C. The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free. D. Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines.

70. Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?

A. Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.

B. Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.

C. Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.

D. Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.

71. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine B. The Case between Howe and Singer

C. Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine D. The Early History of the Sewing Machine

E

New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly increased by foreign language skills.

Deeply involved with this new technology is a kind of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.

Overseas assignments (指派) are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive (行政) ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to manage back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more common. [来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]

Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices (装置) with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.

English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.

The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight (洞察力) to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign customers over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset (有价值的人或物) to the firm.

72. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.

A. are eager to work overseas B. have to get familiar with modern technology

C. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations

D. are attaching more importance to their overseas business

73. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Line 3, Para. 3) probably means ________.

A. leaving all care and worry behind B. being unable to think properly for lack of insight

C. being totall

y out of touch with business at home D. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad

 

74. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?

A. Ability to speak the customer’s language. B. Connections with businesses overseas.

C. Technical know-how. D. Business experience.

75. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills

 is that they can ________.

 

A. fast-forward their proposals to headquarters B. better control the whole negotiation process

C. easily make friends with businesspeople abroad D. easily find new approaches to meet market needs

C

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.

Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.

These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.

It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.

Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man 

and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.

 

76. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?

A) She serves as a role model for African women.

B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.

D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

77. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?

A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.

C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.

78. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?[来源:学#科#网]

A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.

B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.

D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

79. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?[来源:学*科*网]

A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,

B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.

C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.

D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.

80. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?

A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. zxxk

B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.

C) Outshine previous First Lady.

D) Fully display her fine qualities.