n. [C] She received an honour for her services to the community.

He was buried with full military honours (= with a special celebration to show respect).

in honour of sb./sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.:

高考链接

My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)

A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of

答案：A

9. Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. (P51)

permit (-tt-) v. [T] The regulations do not permit much flexibility.

[+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.

As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.

10. This includes dates or years in the order of the development. (P51)

order n. [U] in order of 以……的顺序

The children lined up in order of age/height.

Put the files in alphabetical/chronological order.

高考链接

You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东)

A. date B. shape C. order D. balance

答案：B

11. The brochure you have just read refers to the development of the London Underground that started in 1854. (P51)

refer to phrasal verb: 1) He always refers to the house as his "refuge".

2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing:

The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.

12. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. (P53)

Discount n. [C] They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies.

v. [T] You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.

at a discount 打折

自我检测

They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.

A. on B. for C. at D. with

答案：C

五.完成句子

1. 两家机构为了帮助贫穷儿童联合举办了一场慈善活动。)

The two organizations ______ _____ to hold a charity event for the poor children.

2. 这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐。(accelerate the pace of)

These new ways of digging ___ ___ ___ ___the London underground’s development.

3. 一般说来，人们喜欢买各种各样的减价商品。(discount)

_________ _____ , people like to buy all kinds of things _____ ____ ________.

4. 因缺乏交流而引发的家庭问题越来越多。(arise from)

There are more and more family problems ______ ______ ______ _____ ______communication

5. 由于不知道坐哪路车，她向我们求助。(not knowing)

Not knowing which bus to take, she ______ ________ ______ _________ _________.

六.语法应用

非谓语动词 v-ing形式作定语

1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子

a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题

2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。

The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.

装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去

They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

3. 某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。

① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。

昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。

【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.

【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.

② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。

被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。

【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.

【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.

v-ed形式作定语

1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.

我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

提示： 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。

Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。

2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.

这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。

A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.

一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。

v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别

1.及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。

The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.

2.不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。

the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳

falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶

不及物动词-ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。

an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯

a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人

a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人

As adverbs

v-ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.

(= After we have made full preparations...)

2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)

3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)

4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons...

5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.

= Although they knew all this...

6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.

= ...and stared at the sky for a long time

v-ed形式作状语

动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。

1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.

(= After he was completely examined...)

有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.

一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.

一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。

2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.

(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)

3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.

(= If she was compared with other professors...)

4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)

为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。

Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.

5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. (= and he was surrounded …)

七.翻译句子

1.当我第一次从事这个工程的时候，我发现这个信息令人困惑，因我不知道如何组织他。

2.对于你推迟拜访，我感到非常的失望，但是我还是希望早点见到你。

3.因为陷入交通问题，他上班迟到了。

4.每种方法都 被试过了，但是不起作用。

5.在法国出差的时候，他学会了法语。

6.风暴冲走了道路两旁的土壤，而且道路的一部分正在维修中。

7.在过去的几年中，道路事故的数量和由事故所导致的死亡数字快速增长。

8.我们必须意识到交通事故潜在的原因和采取行动取预防它。

9.当心不要陷入泥浆中。

10.医生被控告违反专业伦理。

参考答案

一.单词应用

1. transport 2. steam 3. over 4. underground 5. boundary 6. choke

7. beneath 8. inconvenient 9. functioned 10. user-friendly. 11. authority

12.Underground 13.connection 14.washed 15.arising 16.aware

17.violating 18.up 19.cyclists 20.Safety

二.词形转换

1. comparison 2. effect 3. patience; impatient 4. concentrate 5. steadily

6. invitation; inviting 7. awareness; unaware 8. expected; expectation

9. permission 10. fortunate 11.connection 12. irresponsible 13.reliable

14.distance 15.expand 16.convenience 17.separately

五.完成句子

1. linked up 2. accelerated the pace of 3. Generally speaking; at a discount

4. arising from the lack of 5. turned to us for help

五.翻译句子

1. When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn’t know how to organize it

2. I am disappointed that you are postponing your visit next week, but I expect I will see you soon.

3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work

4. Every means has been tired out, but it doesn’t work.

5. He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

6. The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.

7. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.

8. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them.

9. Be careful not to step in the mud.

10. The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics.

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