Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.

注意：主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文所述动词及其宾(状)语，表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作，此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同，也可以是另外的人。

She asked me to speak louder and I did so.

4)、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。

8、-It’s nice.Never before such a special drink!

-I’m glad you like it.【C】

A.I have had B.I had C.have I had D.had I

9、 Not until he left his home ____ to know how important the family was for him.【A】

A did he begin B had he begun

C he began D he had begun

5)、often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。

Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。

6)、以only开头的句子(only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句)，采用部分倒装，即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前，谓语用原形。

10、Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision. 【B】

A.they reached B.did they reach

C.they reach D.do they reach

7)、as/ though引导让步状语从句时，常将句末的表语、动词、副词提至句首。

11、Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.【B】

A. though was he B. though he was

C. he was though D. was he though

三、省略

在语言运用中，尤其是在口语中，省略是常见的语言现象。

1、在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一坚持(insist)，二命令

(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)

Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.

It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...等主语从句中。

It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.

2、定语从句中的省略

(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。

The man I saw is called Tom.

Where is the pen I bought this morning?

(2)关系副词when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why和that等。

I shall never forget the day we first met.

The reason he came so early is his own affair.

I don't like the way you speak to your mother.

3、状语从句中的省略

(1)当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

12、It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.【D】

A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so

(2)虚拟条件句中,含助动词、情态动词、动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。

Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.

(3)在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。

I know you can do better than Peter.

This car doesn't run as fast as that one.

(4)在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

4、动词不定式中的省略

1)有些动词，如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。

I consider him stupid.

His mother found him a clever boy.

2) 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。

They made the boy go to bed early.

The boy was made to go to bed early.

3) 动词不定式在prefer，refuse，decide, mean, intend, try，promise, like, love， care，want，hope，wish，expect等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号 to。

I have asked her to come，but she does not want to.

注意：want，like用在 when，if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略。

I've decided to do what I like.

I'll teach you if you like.

4)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。

We have nothing to do now but wait.

I can not but admire his courage.

He has no choice but to accept the fact.

5)在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。

I'm really puzzled what to think or say.

但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。

I came not to scold but to praise you.

6)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。

Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?

7)动词不定式与be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

I don’t want to wait for him， but l have to.

—Why didn’t you come to our party?

—I was going to，but l had a report to write.

8)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。

Don't go till I tell you to.

9)动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。

You'd better give a performance if you are asked to.

He didn't come, though we had invited him to.

10)动词不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。

—Will you join me in a walk?

—I'll be happy to.

注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。

—Are you a doctor?

—No, but I used to be.

四、反意疑问句

1、反意疑问句的结构形式：

反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。

You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?

(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)

They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?

(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)

2、反意疑问句的答语

在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。

----You are not going out today, are you?　　----No, I am not.

你今天不出去，是吗?　是的，我今天不出去。

(“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。)

构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：

1)、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)

Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?

No one was hurt, was he?

2)、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.

Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?

3)、当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。

One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?

4)、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。

Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?

5)、当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。

There used to be a shop, didn’t there?

6)、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。

Few people know him, do they?

Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

You have nothing else to say, have you?

7)、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。

Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?

He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?

8)、当陈述部分是I’m …结构时，反意疑问部分常用aren’t I

I am late, aren’t I?

9)、 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。

If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?

Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?

10)、当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。

I think he is a thief, isn’t he?

I don’t think he can do it well, can he?

11)、当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。

He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?

He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?

12)、当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。

You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?

We have to do it, don’t we?

13)、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。

He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?

14)、当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.

Help me to do it, will you?

Don’t go there, will you?

◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：

以Let’s 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.

以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.

Let’s go now, shall we?　(我们去，你也去)

Let us go shopping, will you?　(我们去，你不去)

15)、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。

He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?

16)、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。

It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?

17)、当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.

What a cold day, isn’t it?

18)、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致;

◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。

He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)

He must be very tired, isn’t he?　(相当于：I believe he is very tired.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。

You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)

It can’t have snowed last week, did it?　(相当于：I don’t think it snowed last week.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。

You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you?　(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)

He can’t have known the news, has he?　(相当于：I don’t think he has known the news.)

You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?

(相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.)

19)、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustn’t表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.

You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

20)、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。

He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?

She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?

21)、当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtn’t (有时也可用shouldn’t.)

The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

五年高考

A组 2012年全国高考题组

1.【2012浙江卷,19】 Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.

A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had

【考点】虚拟语气中的情态动词

【答案】D

【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。

2.【2012江苏卷,25】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?

A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he

【考点】特殊句式—反义问句

【答案】A

【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。

3.【2012山东卷,31】 — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.

— _________. I can’t stand all this rain.

A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say

C. So am I D. I hope not

【答案】C

【解析】当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式;肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。句意：---我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。---我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。

【考点】考查倒装句的用法。

4.【2012全国新课程,34】 You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.

A. so B. or

C. and D. but

【答案】B

【解析】此处or表示“否则”。句意：你必须躲开，否则卡车过不去。

【考点】考查并列连词。

5.【2012湖南高考真题,30】 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather.

A. who B. that C. where D. before

【答案】B

【考点】本题考查强调句。

【解析】把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until … that …。复合句 强调句型that

6.【2012重庆卷,33】 The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.

A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given

【考点】特殊句式—倒装结构

【答案】C

【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。

技巧点拨：考查倒装。否定副词never位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构;根据语境即关键词before，句子应该用现在完成时，故正确答案为C选项。

7.【2012辽宁卷,32】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.

A. he had considered B. had he considered

C. he considered D. did he consider

【考点】特殊句式—倒装。

【答案】D

【解析】Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。

8.【2012四川卷,4】At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.

A. while B. although C. so D. as

【答案】 A

【考点】本题考查并列连词。

【解析】题干句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。

9.【2012四川卷,5】This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is

【答案】 C

【考点】本题考查倒装句。

【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D;再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。