The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。

2)完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。

分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。

=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

典型例题

___ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

9.8 分词的语态

1)通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：

He is the man giving you the money.　 (= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。

He is the man stopped by the car.　　(= who was stopped by…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。

例如： a well-read person.　　一个读过许多书的人

a much-traveled may　一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match　　 烧完了的火柴