(5)set off还可指"衬托，使更明显"。e.g.

This gold frame sets off your painting well.这金色的框架把你的画衬托得非常好看。

拓展

set off for a place 出发到某地

set about doing sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事

set out 从某地出发上路

set out to do sth.开始做某事

set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物;创立，建立

set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边;

(为某目的)节省或保留金钱或时间

set down记下;写下

用set相关短语的适当形式填空

①The new government must              finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.

②The children             the fireworks in the yard.

③She              a bit of money every month.

④They               a statue in honour of the national hero.

⑤They’ve            on a journey round the world.

答案：①set about②set off③sets aside

④set up⑤set off/out

重点句型

17. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。

as though/as if 意为“好像”。

联想拓展

as though/as if引导方式从句和表语、状语从句：

①引导方式状语从句

She acted as though nothing had happened.她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。

注意：当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省略。

He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。

②引导表语从句

It looks as if it’s going to rain.看样子要下雨了。

③as though和as if从句是用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。

The child talks as if she were an adult.  那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(原创)

①The pencil looks as if it               (break) with half of it in the glass of water.

②Li Ming speaks English very well as though he           (be) an Englishman.

③It seems as if our team               (be) going to win.

④He talks about pyramids as though he                (see) them himself.

答案：①were broken②were③is  ④had seen

18. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开……

It was obvious/clear that ...= obviously/ clearly, ... 表示“很明显……，显而易见……”。属于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+that?clause 结构。

拓展

It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人应该……

It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人应该……

It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ ...+that ...据说/判断/报道/宣布/预计……

It’s suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人(做)某事

It?s no harm drinking running water in that area.  在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。

It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace. 很显然他们没有和平的诚意。

It is said that the tickets have been sold out. 据说票已售完。

as if和as though从句中的省略

当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构：

1)      as if +不定式

He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.

The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly

over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。

2)      不定式+形容词或形容词短语

Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。

He lay still for a long while, as if dead.

3)      as if +介词短语

He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.

4)      as if +现在分词

From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching

for someone.John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来，似乎是等玛丽开口。

Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。

5)      as if +名词

He acts as if (he was) a fool.

6)      as if +副词

He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。

6. 对as if-从句认识上的一个误区

对于as if 的用法，一些人的认识上存在着一个误区，即把as if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系。认为：“在由as if (as

though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中，如果主句的谓语是一般时，那么其从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式 (be用were);反之，如果主句的谓语用一般过去时，那么从句谓语一般用“had +过去分词”。

这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合语言实际的。

实际上，as if和 as though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关。如《现代英语惯用法词典》上也有如下例句：

He looks as if he were ill.

He looked as if he were ill.

He looks as if he had been ill.

He looked as if he had been ill.

下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：

A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了

B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了。

(比较：I have been back for three months.)

6. as if和as though的功能

1)      引导方式状语从句

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

2)   引导表语从句

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.

3)  引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：

As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的!(相当于：I don’t care!)

As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都会相信那种说法似的!

He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.

As if I ever should! 他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的!

全单元词组总结

1. mean to do sth.打算做某事

mean (doing) sth 意味着做某事

be meant for打算给予……，打算做……用

(had) meant to do 本来打算做而实际上未做

by all means 可以，当然行，没问题

by means of 借助……的手段;依靠……方法

By no meant绝不，一点儿也不

2. take place发生

3. do harm/good有害处/好处

4. go to clean graves扫墓

5. in memory of  为了纪念……

in celebration of为了庆祝……

in favor of赞同……

in praise of为了表扬……

6. in the shape of 以……的形状

7. offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供某人某物/某物给某人

offer to do sth主动提出做某事/建议将做某事

offer (sb) money for sth(向某人)出价多少买某物

offer (sb) sth for money(向某人)开价多少卖某物

8. dress up装扮

9. play a trick/tricks on=play a joke/jokes on开玩笑

10. the arrival of……的回归

11. gain independence获得独立

12. the agricultural work农活

13. decorate… with用……装饰……

14. win awards赢得奖品

15. admire the moon赏月

admire sb for sth因为……羡慕某人

16. look forward to doing sth期待做某事

17. day and night日日夜夜

18. colourful clothing of all kinds各种各样的漂亮的衣服

19. as though/if好像

20. be covered with被……覆盖

21. have fun with取乐

22. a worldwide holiday全世界的节日

23. turn up/away/back/down/in/off/on/out/over/to出现/拒绝/原路返回/关小，拒绝/上交/转变;关掉/打开/证明是;生产/翻转/转向;求助于

in turn轮流/反过来

take turns to do sth/in doing sth轮流做某事

do sth by turns轮流干某事

24. laugh at 嘲笑

make fun of取笑

25. keep one’s word/promise守信用，履行诺言

26. hold one’s breath屏住呼吸

27. It is obvious that很明显……

28. wipe the table擦桌子

29. fall in love with sb爱上某人

be in love相爱(与表示一段时间的动词连用)

get married/be married to sb/ marry sb与某人结婚

30. once a year一年一次

31. set off出发

set about着手开始

set…against把……与……比较/对比

set back 使……后退，阻碍，拨慢(钟表)

set forward前进，促进，拨快(钟表)

set down 写下

set out动身，出发;摊开，陈列;表述(理由)

32. throw…away扔掉

33. remind…of 使……想起……

remind sb to do sth提醒某人干某事

34. forgive sb原谅某人

35. a kind of +n.(s./pl.)+V(单)一种

kinds of +n.(s./pl)+V(复)各种各样的

36. hold back阻止，退缩

hold on to 抓住，不卖掉，不放弃

hold on 等一等，请稍等，坚持，忍受着

hold up 举起，拿起，延误，使停顿

hold out伸出

37. starve for渴望，缺乏

starve to death饿死

38. important religious festival重要的宗教性节日

39. light lamps点灯

40. apologize to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉

=say sorry to sb for sth

=make/offer an apologize to sb for (doing) sth

apologize to sb for sb替某人向某人道歉

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