B

Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星)which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.

However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形).

Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.

This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the ore his thought that there had been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.

It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley’s comet, in his honor.

5 Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ____.

A. some different comets appearing several times

B. the same comet appearing at different times

C. three different comets appearing at the same time

D. several comets appearing at the same time

6. Halley made his discovery ____.

A. by doing experiments

B. by means of his own careful observation

C. by using the working of other scientists

D. by chance

7. Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year____.

A. 1704          B. 1705     C. 1706           D. 1707

8. This passage in general is about ____.

A. Halley and other scientists

B. the orbit of a comet

C. Newton and Halley

D. Halley and his discovery

9. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Edmund Halley was an American scientist.

B. Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.

C. Isaac Newton was a famous mathematician.

D. The orbit of a comet had the shape of an around.

参考答案

Ⅰ 1.physicians  2 unlike  3 gently   4 violence  5 harmful

6 climate  7 gravity 8 satellites   9 system  10 theory

Ⅱ 1-5  BCBAD   6-10 DBADA

Ⅲ 1. C   2.  A   3. D   4. A   5. D   6. C   7. D   8. B   9. A   10. B )

Ⅳ

1. C

解析：这是一道正误判断题。在倒数第二段中作者写道“A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.”说明人类文明灭绝了，而不是人类灭绝了。

2. C

解析：这是一道主旨推断题。为了证明这种灾难发生的可能性，作者列举了恐龙的例子。曾经在地球上生活了1亿6千万年，但是在6千5百万年前突然消失，以此证明未来地球上可能发生灾难。

3. D

解析：这是一道主旨推断题。在这篇短文中，作者讲述了2094年彗星碎片撞击地球后可能产生的灾难，其目的是警告人们在地球的未来可能会发生灾难。

4. D

解析：这是一道推理判断题。根据短文讲述的内容可以判断，这是一篇科幻小说，所以它可能是某篇科普文章的一部分。

5. B

解析：这是一道综合判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为选项B。

6. C

解析：这是一道细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。

7. B

解析：这是一道计算题。文中的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。

8. D

解析：这是一道主旨大意题。纵观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。

9 C

解析：这是一道综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。

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