句型18

what引导的从句

what在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。

[例句]

what is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?

what did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱?

what is most important in life isn't money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。

will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗?

mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. mary已经不是10年前的她了。

句型19

as引导的非限制性定语从句

在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as i told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as i can remember等。

[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。

[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。

[例句]

this is also part of your work， as i told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。

the man was a teacher， as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。

such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。

it's the same story as i heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。

he will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。

such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。

句型20

which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)

which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。

[例句]

yellowstone national park， which is in wyoming， is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。

the clock， which my grandfather bought， is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。

the picture， for which he paid an enormous amount of money， was a forgery.

那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。

she changed her mind again， which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

i lived three years in paris， during which time i learned french. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。

the weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，

这是我们没有预料到的。

句型21

(从句)if + were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设)

[例句]

if i were you， i would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。

i don't have a cellphone. if i had one， it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

if i were in your position， i would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。

句型22

(从句)if + had done， (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设)

[例句]

what a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! if you had attended the concert， you would have seen the famous singer.

真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。

anyone in his position would have done the same.

=if anyone had been in his position， he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。

句型23

(从句)if + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设)

[例句]

if he should refuse (= if he were to refuse=if he refused)， it didn't matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。

if you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination， what would you do?

万一高考不中，你该怎么办?

句型24

虚拟语气条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were， had， should，可以省去if， 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。

[例句]

should he act like that again， he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。

had the doctor come in time last night (=if the doctor had come in time last time)， the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。

were i to go to the moon one day， i would see it with my own eyes.

had i enough money (= if i had enough money)， i would buy a larger house.

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