B

You're not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.

No. 1: Stick to a sleep schedule

Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces (加强) your body's sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired.

No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat and drink

Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine ?which take hours to wear off ?cmian ruin quality sleep.

No. 3: Create a bedtime ritual

Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep.

No. 4: Get comfortable

Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you ?or insist on separate sleeping quarters.

No. 5: Limit daytime naps

Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep ?especially if you're struggling with poor sleep qomuality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon.

If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight ?which adjusts your internal clock ?doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep.

No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routine

Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and tw o enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.

No. 7: Manage stress

When you have too much to do ?and ttoo much to think about ?your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take da break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend.

Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night ?but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sdleep you deserve.

46. Which of the following is helpful to have quality sleep at night?

A. listening to light music before bed

B. working out in the gym only in the day time

C. using expensive pillows that sell well

D. drinking lots of water instead of coffee before bed

47. Which of the following sleep tips is not mentioned in the passage?

A. Control your daytime sleep time.

B. Adopt healthy ways to handle stress.

C. Follow a flexible sleep timetable.

D. Schedule your daily physical activities.

48. According to the passage, in what situation do you need to contact your doctor?

A. You can not nap in the day time.

B. You frequently have trouble sleeping.

C. You do not fall asleep within 15 minutes.

D. You have too much to think about before bed.

49. What抯 the purpose of this passage?

A. To provide advice on promoting better sleep at night.

B. To inform readers of different sleep habits before bed.

C. To offer tips on various relaxing activities before bed.

D. To convince readters of the importance of quality sleep at night.

C

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.

Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it抯 important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked ati the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student抯 writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. 揝pelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active whichod helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.?Berninger said.

Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe 搕hose words in the mind whoritten symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,?the study said. Seeing the words in the 搈ind抯 eye?helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct td whhen over time.

揑n our computer age, some people believe that we don抰 have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,?she said. 揃ut until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won抰 have the knowledge to choostd whe the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”

50.What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A. The absence of blackboard in classroom

B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

C. The lack of practice in handwriting.

D. The popular use of smartphones.

51.Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.

A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.

B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.

C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences.

D. discussed the importance of writing speed.

52.Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

A. Spelling improves one’s memory of words.

B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

53.What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Window. B. Soul

C. Picture. D. Imagination.

54.What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

C. Handwriting still has a place in today抯 classrooms.

D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.