C

Babies don’t learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lip-readers too. It happens during the stage when a baby’s babbling (咿呀声) gradually changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada” . The baby in order to do like you has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.

Apparently it doesn’t take them too long to absorb the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality face-time with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.

But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy Hansen-Tift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4-month-olds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6-months-olds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8-and 10-month-olds studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker’s eyes.

But what happened when these babies accustomed to English heard Spanish? The 12-month-olds studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to recognize the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语)that shows babies’ brains adjust themselves to distinguishing the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.

The continued lip-reading shows the 1-year-olds clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study that this is “a fairly heroic data set”, says Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Gre g Appelbaum, who found the research so fascinating that he wants to know more.

28. According to the first paragraph, babies______.

A. might get its voice “mama” by lip-reading

B. learn to talk just from hearing the sounds

C. like to figure out how to shape their lips

D. communicate with parents through gestures

29. What is necessary in developing babies’ speech according to Lewkowicz?

A. Playing baby DVD nearby.

B. Teaching babies to read English.

C. Speaking with babies face to face.

D. Speaking different languages in front of babies.                                30. Which of the following shows the right change of babies’ eye gaze according to the text?

Eye gaze

4   8     12  Month

A.

Eye gaze

4   8   12    Month

C.

Eye gaze

4      8    12  Month

B.

Eye gaze

4     8     12    Month

D.

31. What would be the best title of the text?

A. Babies Have Different Methods to Talk

B. Babies Try Lip-reading in Learning to Talk

C. Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two Languages

D. Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign Language

D

It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends --- every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.

But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as  long as 12 days ago.

In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.

Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.

In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until  the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.

Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild.

“If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.

For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.

32. What is the article mainly about?

A. Fish having very bad memories.

B. Fish being smarter than we thought.

C. How fish improve their memory.

D. What we can learn from fish.

33. According to the article, people used to believe that _______.

A. fish could only remember part of their past experiences

B. fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago

C. a fish’s memory lasted for only seven minutes

D. fish didn’t recognize any of their friends

34. How can fish benefit most from a good memory? They can remember _______.

A. where to get food and survive

B. their enemies and fight

C. where to escape to when in danger

D. their friends and help each other

35. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Fish behave aggressively in a fight.

B. Fish can r emember more.

C. Fish don’t belong to the list of smart animals.

D. Only African cichlids have a good memory.

第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

On Punctuality

A punctual man is in the habit of doing everything at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. ___36___ There is a proverb that says, “time flies never to be recalled”. This is very true. ___37___ Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself, and the unpunctual man is forever wasting and mismanaging his own valuable assets as well as others’. The unpunctual man is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or to return calls, or to keep appointments promptly. ___38___ He knows that he can’t get through his immense amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every appointment promptly and deal with every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

___39___ If a person is invited to a  dinner and arrives later than expected, he keeps all the other guests and the host waiting him alone. This is great disrespect.

___40___ Imagine how it would be if who are entrusted with important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or his fellow men. And the unpunctual man is a source of annoyance both to others and to himself.

A. Failure to be punctual is a sign of disrespect towards others.

B. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained.

C. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both his time and his good name.

D. Unpunctuality is very harmful when it comes to doing one’s duty.

E. Of these the former are the majority.

F. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it.

G. Broadly speaking, humans can be divided into two classes.