The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning

第二节：(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

There is an English saying:"   16    " Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.  17

Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.   18      If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.

Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs .The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.   19

20   They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.

A. Laughter can prolong one's life.

B. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.

C. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.

D. It increases blood pressure, the heart heating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.

E. Although laughter" helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice.

F. Laughter is the best medicine.

G. They have found that laughter really can improve people's health.

第二部分：英语知识运用

第一节  完形填空(20小题;每小题 1.5分，满分 30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

One night, when l was eight, my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget. "Sweetie, my company wants to    21   me but needs me to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling you that you've done  22   and allowing you to skip a grade (跳级), but you'll have to   23   your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher?" She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me   24   for the rest of the night. I had said "yes" but for the first time, I realized the      25

decisions adults had to make.

For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening I'd   26    wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A

phone call, however, could never replace her   27   and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.

During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large   28   apartment, became   29   how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then   30   I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on   31   family and work.    32   difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn't know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a   33     attitude.

Back home, I  34   myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she   35   to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be   36    . I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable   37   . My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the  38  has really taught me. Sacrifices  39  in the end. The separation between us has proved to be a   40   for me.

21. A. attract       B. promote     C. surprise     D. praise

22. A. little        B. much       C. well        D. wrong

23. A. leave        B. refuse       C. contact      D. forgive

24. A. explaining    B. sleeping     C. wondering   D. regretting

25. A. poor        B. timely       C. final        D. tough

26. A. eagerly      B. politely      C. nervously   D. curiously

27. A. patience     B. presence     C. intelligence   D. influence

28. A. comfortable   B. expensive    C. empty       D. modern

29. A. interested in  B. aware of   C. doubtful about    D. satisfied with

30. A. when        B. where       C. which       D. that

31. A. abandoning  B. balancing   C. comparing  D. mixing

32. A. Depending on  B. Supplied with  C. Faced with  D. Insisting on

33. A. different     B. friendly     C. positive     D. general

34. A. criticized     B. informed    C. warned      D. reminded

35. A. managed     B. offered      C. attempted   D. expected

36. A. grateful      B. energetic    C. independent  D. practical

37. A. examples    B. limits       C. rules        D. goals

38. A. question     B. experience   C. history      D. occasion

39. A. pay off      B. come back   C. run out      D. turn up

40. A. blessing     B. gathering    C. failure       D. pleasure

第二节 (共10小题;每小题，1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

M: So, what do you want to do tomorrow?

W: Well, let's look at this city guide here. Uh, here's  41    interesting. Why don't we first visit the art museum in the morning?

M: OK.I like this idea. And  42  do you want to have lunch?

W: How about going to  43   Italian restaurant? The guide recommends one downtown, just a few blocks from the museum.

M: It sounds great. After that, what do you think about visiting the zoo? Well, it says here that there are some very  unique animals not   44    (find) anywhere else.

W: Well,  45  (tell) the truth, I'm not really interested in going there. Why don't we go shopping instead? There  46 (suppose) to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs.

M: Nah, I  47    think that's a good idea. We only have a few travelers' checks left, and I only have$50 left in cash.

W: Don't worry. We  48     use your credit card to pay for my new clothes.

M: Oh, no. I remember the last time you__49  (use) my credit card for your purchases.

W: Oh, well. Let's take the subway down to the seashore and walk along the beach.

M: Sounds  50    a wonderful idea.

第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下便条。便条中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Every child must learn one of life's most important rules from his parents. For examples, never go off with a stranger, even if that stranger offers him a nice big cookie, an ice cream and a promise to go swimming. Therefore, for Julia, this concept is a little difficult to accept, especially when a stranger offers her something she can't refuse it. Once her mother tests her: "A strange man says, 'Julia, let's go to eat cookies. ' How will you say?  I like that!" Julia answered rapid. In order to teach the " stranger danger" lesson to her daughter, this mother try again and again to let her daughter understand it not safe. In this way, she thinks she's giving her daughter the great gift of all, safety.

第二节：书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华，你将会在10月21号举行一个生日聚会，给你的朋友Jack写一封100词左右的邀请信，请他来参加生日聚会。要求如下：

1、说明时间、地点;

2、介绍聚会的活动内容;

3、阐述被邀请人参加的必要性。

注意： 1.词数100左右;

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。

Dear Jack,

My birthday is coming and my parents will hold a party for me in my house on September 21st. ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes for you!

Yours sincerely

Li Hua

第二次阶段考试英语参考答案

阅读理解A：CCADB   B. CBBD   C.  DAB     D. ADCB

七选五：FGDCB

完型：21-25  BCACD  26- 30 ABCBD  31-35 BCCDA  36-40 CDBAA

语法填空：41、something   42、where    43、an    44、found  45、To tell

46、are supposed  47、don’t  48、can  49、used     50、like

改错：

写作

Dear Jack,

My birthday is coming and my parents will hold a party for me in my house on

September 21st. It would be a great pleasure to have you here with me.

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