2.说明文

说明文写作的宗旨，就是要把欲说的或欲写的内容说得清楚、写得明白，让读者明了事实、弄清真相，所以，除了词汇或句型因素，相对而言，说明文的难度不会很大，做起题来也应该比较得心应手。

说明文试题特征

1) 说明文直白性较强，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，在理解上自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。

2)说明文的层次清晰，整体性强。所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握这些关键，做完形填空便会得心应手，游刃有余。

In 1990, leader of all big nations met in Japan and agreed to reduce 1 CO2 they put into the atmosphere. Ten years 2 , in Nov. 2000, they met again in Holland to assess ( 评估 ) the situation and decided what to do next.

1. A. many B. a number of C. the amount of D. a good many

2. A. after B. late C. later D. soon

3. 议论文

议论文就是对人、事、行为等进行的评论或表达的看法。议论的内容一般是无法预知的，作者的态度和看法又是不可预知的。所以，我们做题时，既要看事实，又要感悟作者的态度与情感。

议论文试题特征：

1) 目前对议论文的选材主要集中在夹叙夹议的内容上，所以，议论要依据一定的记叙而进行。

2) 议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础，利用承前信息或滞后信息，使读者有所依托。

3) 议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多，所以，试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。

议论文应试技巧：

做议论文时，通读、试填、核检的步骤完整更显重要。因为在这类问题思想跳跃性较大，例如，仅仅一个转折连词的使用，便可以把上下文的意思来个180度的大转弯。

再如，形容词或副词的设置往往都无法从语法上予以取舍，这时，我们便要感悟作者，感悟主人公，感悟整个语境。看作者写文章的目的是什么，是褒、是贬，还是仅仅提出问题，欲以引发思考;看主人公是喜、怒、心态如何;再看上下文语意所指，旨在提供什么样的信息。如此等等。

近年高考完形填空题型特点

1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;

2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;

3. 首句完整, 主题明确;

4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;

5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;

6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;

7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;

8. 常识语法, 每年出现。

四大要素: 词汇 逻辑 语法 常识

一个主题和语境

二 完形填空解题方法

完型填空的解题步骤

1. 细读首句，预测主题

完形填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。

2. 跳读全文，领会大意

要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，跳过空格，快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍，进一步从整体上理解领会短文大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等。这是正确选择的基础，也是做题的关键。切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。这是因为完形填空主要考察对语境的理解，若是在没有弄清短文大意的情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备选项的干扰而偏离主题，一错到底。

为了快速浏览全文，掌握大意，阅读过程中要特别注意文章和语段的首尾句。首句往往是该篇的主题句，它是了解全文大意的基石。它可以为我们提供解题的基本信息。做完形填空题需要联想，而第一句就如同是联想的翅膀，让你能在联想的空间里飞翔。而尾句往往是文章和语篇的总结，它是对理解的验证，因此要尽量从中捕捉更多的信息。

3. 通读全文，试选答案

根据全文大意，以全文为背景，试填答案，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。每道题在文章中都能找到信息依据，文章都是前后连贯，符合逻辑地向前发展延伸的，因此在解题是必须把握文章的走势，揣摩文章字里行间的意义，选择与作者思路相吻合的选项。同时把握文章中的关键词，连词或副词，它们往往是选择正确答案的关键。

While I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed ______. A. pain B. loneliness C. sadness D. fear在人多的地方应该是热热闹闹的，但有了关键词but意义就相反了，当然无须过多考虑pain, sadness和fear，选loneliness万无一失。

在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。 如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示转折或对比;besides, moreover, what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理结果。平时练习中要注意分辨这类词的细微差别，这样才有利于保证选项的准确性。要弄清空格处待填的是什么词、起何作用，同时也要注意习惯表达法，语法知识等，从而筛选出符合文意的选项。

4. 细读全文，推敲难题

完形填空的总体难度是较高的，但20个空中，容易失分的也仅有四、五个题，大多数是中档题和低档题，因此，在解题中要注意解题速度，不可为一道难题苦思冥想，耗时过多。应绕道而行，先做下面容易的题目，将有把握的空先填上。有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，紧扣全文内容，联系上下文，根据常识展开逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，注意从上下文意对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在语法或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误。

完形填空的常考题型

(一)按词类分： 1.实词 2.虚词 3.词组 1.实词

Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__, illness or accidents may occur without__2__.1. A. Obviously B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Occasionally2. A. reason B. information C. warning D. notice Over the last few years manufacturers have been__1__reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more___2___. 1.A.steadily B. constantly C. frequently D. essentially 2.A.valuable B. portable(轻便的) C. selective D. economical 2. 虚词

__1_you have chosen an article to read, you will find the important general information_2__the key facts in the first few paragraphs. 1.A.While B. Once C.As soon as D. Whenever 2.A.with B.by C. for D.at The audience waited__1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2__the figures he could not remember. 1. A. for B.in C.at D. during 2. A. for B. of C. about D. on 3.词组

He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he _2__into that place. 1.A. after all B. in all C. at all D. for all 2. A. needn’t go B. needn’t have go C. shouldn’t go D.shouldn’t have gone

(二) 按形式分： 1.单纯性选择 2.常识性选择 3.近义词选择 4.近形词选择 5.惯用法选择1.单纯性选择 _1__methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child--dull, bright,or normal.1.A.Valuable B.various C.Unique D.unusual2.A.measure B.describe C.illustrate D.recognize

The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1__that he didn’t know its__2__worth.1.A. promised B. claimed C. admitted D. permitted2.A. practical B. additional C. adequate D. actual

Being much too fat, Stella was advised to_1__her food for each meal,yet,she would have__2_of that.1.A.relax B. reduce C. relieve D. remove2.A.no B. not C. none D. nothing

2.常识性选择 Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time---either in Montreal, Barcelona.and everyone knows that_1__started the Games. But most people don’t know the real story.1.A.Greeks B. French C. Americans D. English

One of the most famous statues in the would stands on an island in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of liberty(自由).The Statue of liberty is a(an) _1__who holds a __2_up high. 1.A.man B.woman C.child D.old 2.A.cane B.candle C.torch D.lamp 3.近义词选择

He used to have a_1__of coin-collection, but he has given it up.

1.A.custom B. habit C. hobby D. like The wounded soldier was unconscious but still__1__when taken to the hospital. 1.A.living B. alive C. live D. lively 4.近形词选择

$500,000,000 is a small amount of money__1__the size of the market. 1.A.considered B. consideration C. considerable D.considering It’s wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1__in Sydney,12 more than its previous best. 1.A.metals B. medals C. models D. modals 5.惯用法选择

It suddenly__1__me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.1.A.hit on B. struck C. occurred D. drawn We were almost exhausted before we finally__1__sight of the dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains __2__back to the fifteen century B.C. 1.A.held B. caught C. got D. took 2.A.dating B. traced C. going D. returned

(三)按句义选择 Mrs. White aid laughingly that_1__she was so young she should hide her packet in her pocket in_2__a policeman saw it._3__,the little girl did not seem to find this very funny.1.A.as B. for C. while D. though2.A.consequence B. time C. case D. fact3.A.otherwise B. nevertheless(然而) C. Moreover D. Therefore

A credit card is a __1__of identification__2_ which the owner may obtain consumer credit for the _3__of goods or services_4__than paycash.1.A.mean B. means C. methods D. ways2.A.by B.in C. through D. with3.A. production B. possession C. purchase D. property4.A.better B. more C .rather D. right

1__hungry,the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fuel; _2_ when cold, they might cut down trees for fuel._3_, strong laws were passed in an_4__to protect the forests and the animals.1.A.If B. When C. Once D. After2.A.and B. but C. or D. yet3.A.Besides B. So C. In addition D. However4.A.effect B. effort C. offer D. afford

(四) 按语义选择

People of Burlington are are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of High Education are in the bell tower of the_1__and have made up their minds to_2__the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run_3_through the narrow High Street.1.A.college B. village C. town D. church2.A.change B. ring C. repair D. shake3.A.now and then B. day and night C. up and down D. over and over

__1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from__2__.1.A.Obviously B. Surprisingly C. Fortunately D. Unfortunately2.A.distress B. shock C. failure D. trouble

2)American school children can be seen every day__ white sneakers, blue sneakers, black sneakers and even red ones. 1.A.putting on B. having on C. wearing D. dressing 3)Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are 1 from harm. 1.A.kept B. freed C. prevented D. hidden

最后，希望精品小编整理的高考英语高频考点对您有所帮助，祝同学们学习进步。

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