一.从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关

1.差了一个字母a,意思大不同

这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使用时也常混淆,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别。如:

arise vi.产生;发生;出现),rise(vi.起来;上涨;上升)live(adj.修饰物,作定语:a live fire) alone(adj., adv."独自",作形容词时作表语),lone(adj."孤独的;偏僻的",作定语)asleep(adj."熟睡的",常作表语),sleep(V., n.睡着)awake(adj., v."醒着;叫醒",作形容词时作表语),wake v.叫醒) alike(adj."相象的",表语形容词),like(v., prep., adj.喜欢;象…一样) across(prep., adv.穿过;横过),cross(v.穿过;横过)await(vt."等候",直接接宾语),wait(vi."等候",不及物动词) aloud(adv."大声地",与read, call, cry等连用,无比较级形式),loud(adv."大声地,响亮地", 常与talk, speak, shout, laugh等词连用) alive(adj."活着的",作表语),

注意:有a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时则要后置。如:It's difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.

2.词序不同、意思就不同

有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:

turn in(上交;就寝),in turn(按次序,轮流) hand in(上交),in hand(在手边)if only(要是…),only if(只有…),in all(总共)good for(对…有好处),for good(永远)before long(不久以后),long before(很久以前)from far(来自远方),far from(离得远;远非) much too(非常,修饰形容词或副词),too much(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)

It was __________late to catch a bus after the party, therefore they called a taxi.

A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far

( C项为答案,下同)

Before long, she moved to London and made London the base for her revolutionary work.

It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Austrians out of their homeland.

3.有无-ly,意思和用法都不同

这词在教材中较多。一般来说,在形容词后加了-ly成了副词,但有些形容词不加-ly时也可作副词,因而 在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用法分类记忆:

a.有无-ly,意思不同: near(近,附近),nearly(几乎) hard(努力),hardly(几乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象…一样),likely(大概,也许)dear(昂贵),dearly(深切地;昂贵地) close(靠近地),closely(密切地)late(迟到),lately(最近)bad(坏),badly(恶劣地;严重地)

b.表具体(无-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的区别:)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)wide(宽广),widely(广泛地

4.动词后有无介词,意思不同

因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:

prepare(准备),prepare for(为…作准备) enter(进入),enter for(报名参加) run(经营;跑),run for(竞选) stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回答),answer for(负责)know(了解,知道),know about(知道关于…) pay(付钱、债给某人),pay for(付钱买某物)search(对人、物或场所搜查),search for(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leave for(去某地)reach(到达;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)

The body reached for the apple but he couldn't reach it.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果,但够不到。

The man who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。

5.合写与分写时意思不同

这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:

everyday(adj."日常的",作定语),every day(每天) anyway(adv.无论怎样),any way(以任何方式) altogether(总共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已经),all ready(都已准备好)everyone(每个人,指人,不可接of短语),every one (每个人或物,后可接of短语) none(没有,可指人或物),no one(没有,专指人) sometime(某个时候),some time(一段时间)sometimes(有时),some times(几次)

The students were all very tired, but _______of them would stop to take a rest.

A. any B. some C. none D. neither

6.动作动词和结果动词

英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果, 这类动词常见的有:

try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服, 侧重劝成功)look for(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);

How can you ___________if you are not _________?

A. listen, hearing B. hear, listening C. be listening, heard D. be hearing, listened to

二.从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关

英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。

1. 常用的搭配活跃的动词

常用的搭配活跃的动词有: get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, look, take, make, give,come等。复习时我们要 尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:),turn in(上交),turn against(反对),turn out(生产),turn away(避开)turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down(放小音量等;拒绝

Would you mind __________your radio a little?

A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn down D. turning down

2.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词

搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:

(1) on与动词的搭配

get on(上车/船等),live on(以…为生),feed on(以…为生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打开开关/电器等),wait on(侍候),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insist on(坚持),play tricks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(留下印象)look on(旁观),spy on(侦察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),depend on(依靠),

(2) on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍)

on sale(出售;大减价),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右边),on the whole(总而言之),on one's own(独自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/请假)on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃烧),on show(展览),on time(准时) ,on strike(罢工),on watch(监视,观察),

(3) 其它情况:

on account of(由于,因为),later on(后来),from now/then on(从现在/那时起),

We offered him our congratulations ______his passing the college entrance exams.

A. at B. on C. for D. of

A new school was ___________in the village last year.

A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up

3.常用的搭配活跃的名词

常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time, way, moment, means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有: behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at other times(其它时候,平素),at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常)in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早),at a time(一次),

If you keep on, you will succeed_____________.

A. in time B. at one time C. on time D. at the same time

Don't all speak at once! ___________, please.

A. Each at on time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time

三.从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关

英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。

1.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组

只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine ,put off, give up等。如:

I would appreciate _________back this afternoon.

A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you are calling

The dog was lucky that it just missed ______.

A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch

2.宾语不同,意义也不同

英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有: go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/remember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…) try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)

"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting." "Well, now I regret_____ ___that."

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

"I usually go there by train." "Why not ____________by boat for a change?"

A.to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

3.具有两种形式的易混动词

中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如: drink, drank, drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的",drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink, sank, sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear, bore, born(出生)bear, bore, borne(结果;生育)lie(撒谎),lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying hang, hanged, hanged(绞死)hang, hung, hung(挂起)light, lit, lit(点燃,作谓语)light, lighted, lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语)

Do you know the boy ___________under the big tree?

A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying

The woman, who was born in 1940, has borne five children.

4.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同

某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:

We forbid smoking here.(宾语)

We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)

You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)

They would not allow him _________across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking going C. for risk to go D. risk going

5.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同

有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:

The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

This sentence needs ______________.

A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved

6.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组

只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等。如:

She pretended ____________me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

7.半系动词

半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:

表变化的系动词:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run

表感观的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel(这些词用形容词作表语),seem, appear

表依旧的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold

可带名词作表语的系动词:be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词 前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)

These oranges taste ____________.

A. good B. well to be good D. to be well

8.含"被动"意味的动词

有些动词,如sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, cut, lock, cost, read, write, tear, wear, pull, clean, add, cook, let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

That suit _________over 60 dollars.

A. had costed B. costed C. is cost D. cost

"Is this raincoat yours?" "No, mine ____________there behind the door."

A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung

四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关

归纳易拼错的常用词如: envelope, develop, popular, republic, public, appreciate, pronunciation, quarrel, immediately, camera, umbrella,等,攻克单词拼写难关。

我们在复习词汇时要有的放矢,全方位、多渠道地去探索它们的内在规律,根据它们的特点把语音、拼写 、语法、搭配等融为一体,缩小复习的范围、避免词汇复习的枯燥性,从而提高复习兴趣与效果。

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