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※2. 冠词

冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，只能和一个名词一起使用，并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类，即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。

①不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念，有两种形式：a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，如：a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如：an apple,an orange,an egg。

②定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念，the在元音音素前读，在辅音音素前读 ，如：the moon, the evening。

eg. ①-Do you have an English book?

-Yes, but the English book is broken.

② There is a chicken in the picture.

③ We can't see the sun at night.

④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday.

⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China.

※3. 形容词

用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

如： It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park.

This book is good.

It's very nice of you to help us.

常见形容词的同义词与近义词：

large→big 大的

glad→happy/pleased 高兴的

clever→bright 聪明的

ill→sick 病的

fine→well 好的

常见形容词的反义词和对应词：

bad(坏的)→good(好的)

big(大的)→small(小的)

busy(忙的)→ free(空闲的)

dry(干的)→wet(湿的)

same(相同的)→different(不同的)

empty(空的)→full(满的)

cold(寒冷的)→hot(热的)

open(开着的)→closed(关闭的)

poor(穷的)→rich(富的)

※4. 副词

用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中作状语或表语。

eg. Now he is back in New York again.

现在他又回到了纽约。

Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully.

副词一般分为七大类：

①时间副词： now, often, then, early, ago, before

②地点副词： here, there, out, above, up, down

③方式副词： hard, well, badly, fast, slowly

④程度副词： very, much, still, almost, too, so

⑤疑问副词： how, when, why, where

⑥关系副词： when, where, why

⑦连接副词： now, where, why

often 等表示“频率”的时间副词，总被放在句子中间，又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always(总是)、 usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。

“中置”规律：

①放在单个的 be 动词之后;

②放在单个实义动词之前;

③谓语动词为多个词时，放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

如： You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。

I usually go to school by bike.

I never see that book.

He often helps other students.

He goes to work on foot sometimes.

※5. 比较等级

在进行比较的时候，形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。

规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级加 -er或-est。

(1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下：

→better→best

→wors →worst

(许多)many/much→more→most

(几乎没有)little→less→least

(远的)far→farther→farthest

(老的，旧的)old

(2)三种句型

① 原级句型：

as+形容词/副词+as，表示“和…一样”;否定句式：not as/so +形容词/副词+as，表示“和…不一样”。

eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann.

If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can.

I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one.

② 比较级句型：

a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它，表示“较…一些”。

eg. This city is more beautiful than that one.

It is hotter today than yesterday.

He is a much nicer worker.

b. 比较级+and+比较级，more and more+原级，表示“越来越…”，说明本身程度的改变。

eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster.

世界人口增长得越来越快。

more and more beautiful

越来越漂亮

c. the+比较级, the+比较级，表示“越…就越…”，说明随着前边条件的变化，后边的结果也发生变化。

eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。

The more, the better. 越多越好。

③ 最高级句型：

主语+谓语+(the)形容词或副词的最高级+in/of

注：最高级前一般要用the，如： He is the most careful student.

但在副词最高级前the可以省去，如：He writes(the)most carefully in his class.

This kind of cake is the most delicious.

I like English best.

Mike is the youngest in his class.

He runs fastest.

 

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