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同位语从句学习指要

当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如：

The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。

He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。

同位语中应注意：

1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：

Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说，下周他不来了。

There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问，它适合这一工作。

2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。

He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。

Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了，所有的人不得违犯制度。

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现在以下几个方面：

(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。

(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。

(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。

(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导;而同位从句可以用what, how, whether引

(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。

同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

一、同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 由that引导

We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如：

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. 由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：

The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)(fromwww.yygrammar.com)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )

The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

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