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仁爱版初一英语下册重点词语句型语法2

5.I can play the guitar.

三、定冠词the 的用法

1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。

The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

Is this the book you are looking for? 　　这是你要找的书吗?

Do you know the man in back? 　你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗?

It is not the car we are looking for. 这不是我们要找的车。

The man has found his child. 　那个人找到了他的孩子。

2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。

I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.

我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。

I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.

我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。

Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.

露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。

3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。

the sun　the moon　the earth 　the sky　the world　the sea

The sun is bigger than the moon. 　太阳比月亮大。

I can see a bird in the sky. 　我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。

The dog is not too danger. 　 狗不太危险。

The cat is an animal. 　猫是一种动物。

The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。

5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。

the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.

The wounded were brought to the hospital. 　受伤者被送到了医院。

He always helps the poor. 　他经常帮助穷人。

The deaf can go to this special school. 耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。

6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。

This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. 　这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。

I saw a plane coming from the east. 　 我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。

He is the last one to help me. 　 他不会来帮助我的。

7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。

The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。

They are going to the cinema tonight. 　 　他们今晚要去影院看电影。

The theater was on fire last week. 剧院昨天着火了。

8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。

I am reading the China Daily now. 我现在正读中国日报。

Have you got the Evening Paper yet? 你拿到晚报了吗?

The Times is a foreign newspaper. 　泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。

The Peking Review is on the desk. 　 　北京周报在桌子上放着。

9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。

We live near the Yellow River. 我们住在黄河边上。

The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China. 长江是中国最大的河。

The Himalayas is located in Tibet. 喜马拉雅山位于西藏。

10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。

The Greens is very kind to us. 　 　格林一家人待我们很好。

The Whites like the classic music. 　　怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。

不用冠词的场合。

1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。

China is a largest country in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家。

I think water is a kind of food, too. 　 我认为水也是一种食物。

Cotton feels soft. 　 　棉花摸起来柔软。

2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。

It's time for breakfast.　 　该吃早饭了。

What do you have for lunch? 　 你午饭吃点什么?

The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive. 我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。

3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。

Summer is hot and winter is cold here. 　 这儿夏天热冬天冷。

New Year's Day is coming. 新年就要到啦。

Today is the first day of May. 今天是五月的第一天。

We are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去打篮球。

We don't like bridge very much. 我们不太喜欢桥牌。

4)语言的名称前不用冠词。

Can you speak English? 　 　你会讲英语吗?

It's difficult to learn Chinese well. 要学好中文很难。

Tom knows English but he doesn't know French. 汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。

5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。

by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.

I'm going to Chicago by air next week. 　下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。

I go to school on foot . 我步行去学校上学。

In fact, I don't know him at all. 　 　实际上，我一点也不认识他。

He is at home today.　 　他今天在家。

Topic2 When is your birthday?

一、词汇：

1.first of all首先

2.have a birthday party举行生日晚会(聚会)

3.have a special dinner吃一顿特殊的晚餐

4.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事

5.That’s a good idea!真是好主意!

6.make a cake做蛋糕

7.be born出生

8.the shape of ……的形状

9.I’m afraid…我恐怕，我担心……

二、 句型:

1. When is your birthday, Kangkang?康康，你的生日是什么时候?

May the eighteenth.五月十八日。

①“when”可以就年、月、日和钟点进行提问，而“what time”只能就钟点进行提问。

②英语中日期有几种表示方法：

a.把月份写在日期前面，这通常是美国写法。如：March 21st,2001 读作March the twenty-first, two thousand and one(2001年3月21日)

b.先写日子，再写月份和年，这通常是英国写法。如:：21st March,2001读作the twenty-first of March, two thousand and one

2. ---I beg it’s going to be fun.我敢断定肯定有趣。---You bet.当然了。

3. What day is it today? It’s Friday.

询问星期用What day…? 回答用It……如：

What day is it today? It’s Wednesday. 或Today is Wednesday.

4. What’s the date today? It’s May 21st,2004.

询问日期用What’s the date…?如：What’s the date the day afternoon?

5. Tomorrow is your mom’s birthday.

名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系。一般有两种表示方式，一种是在名词后加 's 构成，一种是用 of 所有格。

(1) 表示有生命的人或物的名词，在词尾加 's 来表示从属关系，如：

Mary’s school bag my sister’s cat

(2) 以 s 结尾的名词，表示所有格只在后面加’, 如：

the boys’ game the teachers’ chairs

(3) 由 and 连接两个或两个以上的单数名词，表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加 's ，如：

Tom and Mike’s sister

Jack and John’s room

Tom’s and Jack’s fathers

(4) 无生命东西的名词，一般都与 of 构成短语，表示所属关系， 如：

a map of China a picture of my school

6. How shall we celebrate it?我们要怎样庆祝呢?

Shall we have a special dinner?我们吃一顿特别的晚餐怎么样?

“Shall I…/Shall we…”用于示表示建议或征求意见，也可用“疑问词+shall +I / we…”如：Shall we go swimming this afternoon?今天下午我们去游泳好吗?

What time shall we start?我们该什么时候出发?

7. Don’t forget to buy a birthday cake.别忘了买生日蛋糕。

forget的用法：

(1) 接名词或代词，如：

I forget his name.我忘了他的名字。

Don’t forget me.别忘了我。

(2)接不定式，意为“忘记要做某事”，如：

Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.你离开时请别忘了关门。

(3)接动词ing形式，意为“忘记做过某事”，如：

I forget meeting you in Beijing.我忘了在北京见到过你。

8. Kangkang is going to be thirteen on May the eighteenth.

介词on ,in和at放在时间前的用法：

(1) on放在某一或某些确定或不确定的时间前，如某天(某些天)，某天的上午，下午或晚上，如：

on August 18th,1980 在1980年8月18日

on Sunday 在星期天 on Saturday evening在星期六的晚上

on a cold day 在一个寒冷的日子 on Children’s Day在儿童节

(2) in表示在一段时间，多放在年、月、季节等时间前，如：

in summer在夏天 in July在七月 in the morning在早上

(3) at用在某一时刻、年纪、夜晚、中午等时间前，如：

at 8 o’clock在八点 at night在夜晚

at noon在中午 at the age of ten 在十岁时

9. When were you born?你什么时候出生?

I was born in June ,1970.我生于1970年6月。

10. Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t.

I’m afraid往往相当于I’m sorry, but…可用来引出带有歉意的句子，表求一种担忧，语气较缓和，如：I’m afraid I can’t come.(=I’m sorry, but I can’t come.)

四、序数词

表示数目顺序的词用序数词。

1) 序数词1━19 除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九, 第十二变化不规则外, 其余均由在 基数词后加上 -th。

2) 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是, 是将十位整数基数词的词尾 -y 变成 i 再加 -eth。

3) 几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词, 十位数不变。 序数词的用法: 序数词主 要用作定语,表语。前面要加定冠词 the。

Topic3 We had a wonderful party.

一、 词汇：

1. lots of=a lot of 许多

2. tell a lie撒谎

3. in fact事实上，实际上

4. fall down跌倒

5. be funny有趣

6. have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快

7. blow out 吹灭

8. not…at all一点也不，根本不

9. not …till/until直到……才

10. hurt oneself受伤

11. as well也

12. magic tricks魔术

13. rock songs摇滚歌曲

14. cross-talk相声

二、 句型:

1. He performed magic tricks.

一般过去时的句子构成.

(1) My mother didn’t go to work yesterday.

(2) Did you go to the zoo last Sunday? Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t .

2.I have a lot of work to do as well.我还有许多工作要做。

as well意为“除……之外，也，又”，只能放在句末作状语，与too的用法相同，可互换使用。as well as是连词，用来连接两个名词形容词等，如：

Lu Xun is a great writer, and a fearless fighter as well.鲁迅是个伟大的作家，也是个无畏的战士。

He gave the beggar food, as well as money.(=He gave the begger food , and money as well.)他除了给那个乞丐食物外，还给他钱。

3.You know I don’t like video games at all.

not…at all根本不，一点都不，at all多放在否定句末，加强否定语气，如：

My mother can’t ride a bike at all.

Thanks very much. Not at all.

4. Did the movie go on until midnight?电影一直演到午夜吗?

until用作介词，跟一个表示某一时间的名词，也可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句。

①肯定句中，until只与持续性动词连用，意为“到……为止”。如：

We had to wait until he came back.我们只好等到他回来。

②until在否定句中，通常与瞬间性动词连用，构成“not……until”，意为“直到……才”，如：The children didn’t leave school until five o’clock.

③引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，如：

I won’t go until he comes back.我将等他回来再走。

三、动词的一般过去时态

I. 一般过去时的概念

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

例如：①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。

②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。

II. 一般过去时的构成

我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。

动词过去式的构成：

(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：

①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。

③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。

④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。

(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。

III. 一般过去时的几种句型

肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。

否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。

一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语+动词原形+其它?如：

1) --Did you go to Beijing last week? --Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)

2) --Did you meet the businessman before? --No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)

特殊疑问句的构成：

疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如：

1) --What did you do last night? --I did my homework.

2) --Where did you go last week? --I went to Shanghai with my parents.

一般过去时口诀：

一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。

动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。

否定句很简单，didn't 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。

一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。

特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。

最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。

Unit 8 The Seasons and the Weather

topic1 What’s the weather like today?

一、 重点词语：

1. 季节词汇：

四季名词 spring summer Autumn / fall winter

四季特征 warm hot cool cold

四季色彩 green bright yellow white

四季活动 hike swim climb hills make snowmen

2. 天气词汇：

天气名词 rain wind cloud snow sun fog

对应形容词 rainy windy cloudy snowy sunny Foggy

3. in spring / summer / fall / winter 在春天;夏天;秋天;冬天

4. go climbing mountains / shopping / swimming

5. quite = very 很，相当x k b 1.c o m

6. come back to life 复苏，复活

7. 名词转化为形容词：hope – hopeful care – careful

8. from December to February 从十二月到二月

9. fall off 落下;掉落

10. weather report 天气预报

11. a hopeful season 一个充满希望的季节 the harvest season丰收的季节

12. come after 紧跟其后

13. get warmer and warmer 变得越来越暖和

14. make dinner 做饭 make tea 泡茶 make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友

make wishes 许愿 make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 制作噪音

make a sentence 造句 make sure 确信 make dumplings 包饺子

二、重点句型：

1. What’s the weather like today? = How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

It looks like rain. = It looks like raining. 看起来好像要下雨。

2. Which season is the warmest / hottest / coolest / coldest in the year? 一年里哪个季节最暖和;最热;最凉快;最冷?

3. Sometimes it rains quite heavily / hard. 有时候雨下得很大。

4. It’s a good time to swim. 它是游泳的好时节。

It’s a good season for hiking. 它是去远足的好季节。

It’s a good time / season to do something. 它是做某事的好时间;好季节。

5. Do you like summer? Yes, but I like winter better. 你喜欢夏天吗?是的，但是我更喜欢冬天。

Which do you like best, spring, summer, fall or winter? I like summer best.

你最喜欢哪个，春，夏，秋，还是冬?我最喜欢夏。

Like…better 更喜欢… like…best 最喜欢…

6. I like spring best. = My favorite ( season ) is spring. 我最喜欢的季节是春天。

7. What’s the weather like today? How was the weather yesterday? What will the weather be like tomorrow? 今天天气怎么样?昨天天气怎么样?明天天气怎么样?

8. It’s nice and warm. 今天挺暖和的。

Nice and …; good and … 可用来加强语气，意为“很，挺”。如：

nice and cold 很冷 nice and far 很远

9. It’s better today than yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天更好。

10. The weather gets warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。

get 变得。如：get cold 变冷;get thin 变瘦

比较级and比较级意为“越来越…”，如：

taller and taller, 越来越高; heavier and heavier，越来越重

11. The cold weather is coming. 寒冷的天气马上就要来了。

12. It lasts from December to February. 它从十二月持续到二月。

13. The newspaper says it’ll be sunny tomorrow. 据报纸报道明天将会是晴天。

14. The farmers are busy harvesting. 农民们忙着收割庄稼。

be busy doing something = be busy with something 忙着做某事

I am busy doing my job. = I am busy with my job. 我忙着我的工作。

三、语法学习：x kb 1 .c o m

1. 形容词的最高级：

单音节词和少数双音节词：

(1)一般情况下加-est，如：coldest, tallest

(2)以“e”结尾的词，加-st，如：nicest, finest

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-est，如：busiest, heaviest

(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-est，如：biggest, hottest

多音节词在前面加most，如：most beautiful, most dangerous

四、交际用语：学习描述和谈论四季和不同时间下的天气状况

What’s the weather like in summer?

It often rains. Sometimes it rains quite heavily.

How is the weather in winter?

It’s better than yesterday.

Which season do you like best, spring, summer, fall, or winter?

Which season is the coldest in a year?

What do you think of the weather today?

What’s the temperature? It’s 35℃.

Topic2 The summer holidays are coming.

一、 重点词语：

1. the summer / winter holiday 暑假;寒假

2. talk about 谈论到，谈及

3. holiday plans 假日计划

4. want to go 想去

want to do something = would like to do something 想做某事

hope to do something 希望做某事 plan to do something 计划做某事

5. around the country 环绕国家

6. take pictures / photos of 给…照相

7. the local people / food 当地人;当地食物

8. places of interest 名胜古迹

9. celebrate something with somebody 和某人一起庆祝某事

10. get together with somebody 和某人聚会在一起

11. go on a trip去旅游 make one’s trip 旅行 make a holiday 度假 go for a holiday 去度假

be on holiday = go on holiday 在度假 take a holiday = have a holiday 休假

12. have a good time = have a great time = have a wonderful time = have a nice time = have fun 玩得很高兴

13. on the beach 在海滩上

14. tell somebody something about something 告诉某人一些事情关于某个事物

15. the best time 最佳时间

16. enter someone’s home 进入某人家里

17. take off your shoes 脱鞋子

18. go out 出去 go back 回去

19. point to 指着

20. eat with your left hand 用左手吃东西

21. Muslin countries 穆斯林国家

22. touch somebody on someplace 触摸某人的某个部位

23. make the OK sign 做个好了的手势

24. arrive on time 按时到达

25. a little later晚一点

26. pass something to somebody 传递某物给某人

二、重点句型：

1. The summer holidays are coming. 暑假要来了。

2. I hope to get together with my old friends. 我希望和我的老朋友在一起。

3. Each of us has a good plan for the holidays. 我们每个人都有一个很好的假期计划。

4. Before you go on a trip, what will you pack for it? 你去度假以前，要打包准备些什么?

5. It sounds really interesting and exciting. 它听起来相当有趣和令人激动。

6. Different countries have different customs. 不同的国家有不同的风俗。

7. You shouldn’t eat with your left hand. 你不能用左手吃东西。

8. You mustn’t point to anything with your foot. 你千万不要用脚指东西。

9. Guess what I bought for you! 猜猜我为你买了什么!

三、语法学习：

1. 一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

How was you trip? It was wonderful.

How did you make your trip? By plane.

What places did you visit? We visited some famous temples.

When did you come back? I came back yesterday.

Where did you go on a trip? To Australia.

Why did you watch TV? Because I wanted to watch tennis games.

Whom did you live with? My parents.

2. 情态动词should和shouldn’t的用法：

What places should I visit in Yunnan?

You should visit Dali and Lijiang and you shouldn’t miss Xishuangbanna.

When you enter someone’s home, you should take off your shoes.

四、交际用语：谈论旅游和风俗。

Where do you want to go for you holiday?

I’m going to travel around the country and take pictures of the local people.

When you travel in other countries, you’d better know the customs of the country.

How was your trip? It was wonderful.

How did you go to Tibet? By plane.

How long were you there? I was there for five days.

When did you come here? I came back yesterday.

What’s the best time to go there?

Topic3 Let’s celebrate!

一、 重点词语：

1. 节日名称：

The Spring Festival New Year’s Eve Lantern Day Tomb–sweeping Festival

春节 除夕 元宵节 清明节

Dragon Boat Festival Mid-autumn Festival Double Ninth Festival

端午节 中秋节 重阳节

Teachers’ Day Mother’s Day Children’s Day National Day

教师节 母亲节 儿童节 国庆节

Women’s Day Army’s Day Party’s Birthday Youth Day

妇女节 建军节 党的生日 青年节

April Fool’s Day Christmas Thanks-giving Day Halloween

愚人节 圣诞节 感恩节 复活节

2. make dumplings 包饺子

3. perform lion and dragon dances 表演舞狮子和舞龙

4. give each other presents 互赠礼物

5. dress up 盛装打扮，乔装打扮

6. the most important 最重要

7. stay up 熬夜

8. gaze at 观看

9. get dark 变黑

10. have a family get-together 举行家庭聚会

11. prepare for 为…做准备

12. go trick-or-treating 去玩“是恶作剧还是请客”

13. knock on 敲打

14. play tricks on somebody 捉弄某人

15. enjoy doing something 享受做某事

16. be in bed 入睡

17. send…to 把…送到…;寄…

18. colored lights / candles 彩灯;彩烛

19. on Christmas Eve 在圣诞节前夜

20. lunar May 5th 农历五月五

21. hold dragon boat races 举行龙舟赛

22. eat rice dumplings 吃粽子

23. the birthday of China 中国的生日

24. the capital city of China 中国的首都城市

25. Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场

26. watch the national flag go up 观看升国旗

27. a seven-day holiday 七天的假期

二、重点句型：

1. People in many countries celebrate Christmas and give each other presents. 很多国家的人庆祝圣诞节和互赠礼物。

2. What other special festivals do we have? 我们有别的什么特殊的节日吗?

3. On this day people eat mooncakes and enjoy gazing at the full moon. 在这一天人们吃月饼赏月。

What do you mean by trick-or-treat? 你所说的“trick-or-treat”是什么意思?

It the neighbors don’t give them candies they will play tricks on them.如果邻居不给他们糖果，他们将会捉弄他们。

Everyone is all smiles. 大家都笑容满面。

They must be from Santa Claus! 他们一定来自圣诞老人。

Before Christmas, I sent many Christmas cards to my friends. 圣诞节之前，我给朋友们寄了很多圣诞节贺卡。

三、语法学习：由when, before, after引导的时间状语从句。

When it snows, the ground is white with snow and I can make snowmen.

When you travel in other countries, you should know the customs of the country.

Before the Chinese New Year, many Chinese families burn the pictures of kitchen god, Zao Shen, to bring good luck.

Parents also enjoy eating their children’s trick-or-treat candies after the children are in bed.

四、交际用语：学习中外节日。

Children dress up in strange clothes and play tricks.

On Spring Festival, Chinese people celebrate and perform lion and dragon dances.

Thank you for your Christmas cards!

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