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初三英语知识点：初中语法项目表

1. 词类：1)名词 2)形容词 3)副词 4)动词 5)代词 6)冠词 7)数词 8)介词 9)连词 10)感叹词

*2. 构词法：

1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room

2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,

cloudy, unhappy

3)转化法 hand (n. )—hand (v. )

dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )

3. 名词

1)可数名词和不可数名词

2)名词的复数

3)专有名词

4)所有格

4. 代词

1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式

2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式

3)反身代词 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.

4)指示代词 this, that, these, those

5)不定代词 some, any, no, etc.

6)疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.

5. 数词 基数词和序数词

6. 介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法

7. 连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法

8. 形容词

1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法

2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法

( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most

( 2)基本句型

as+原级形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

比较级形式+than. . .

the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

9. 副词

1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法

2)疑问副词when, where, how

3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)

( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most

( 2)基本句型

as+原级形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原级形式+as. . .

比较级形式+than. . .

the+最高级形式+. . . in ( of). . .

*10. 冠词 一般用法

11. 动词

*1)动词种类

( 1)行为动词或实义动词

1及物动词

2不及物动词

( 2)连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.

( 3)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.

( 4)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.

2)时态

( 1)一般现在时

I get up at six o'clock every morning.

He doesn't speak Russian.

They are very busy.

The moon moves round the earth.

When you see him, tell him to come to my place.

I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.

( 2)一般过去时

I was in Grade One last year.

I got up at five yesterday.

( 3)一般将来时

1. shall ( will)+动词原形

I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.

She will be here tomorrow.

2. be going to+动词原形

I'm going to help him.

( 4)现在进行时

We're reading the text now.

They're waiting for a bus.

( 5)现在完成时

I have already posted the letter.

They have lived here for ten years.

* ( 6)过去进行时

We were having a meeting this time yesterday.

The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.

* ( 7)过去完成时

We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.

The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.

She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.

* ( 8)过去将来时

He said he would go to the cinema that evening.

Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.

3)被动语态

( 1)一般现在时的被动语态

English is taught in that school.

( 2)一般过去时的被动语态

The song was written by that worker.

( 3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态

She must be sent to hospital at once.

4)动词不定式

* ( 1)作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

( 2)作宾语

They began to read.

( 3)作宾语补足语

Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.

We often heard her sing.

* ( 4)作定语

I have an important meeting to attend.

( 5)作状语

She went to see her grandma yesterday.

( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后

I don't know how to use a computer.

Do you know when to start?

He didn't know what to do next.

12. 句子种类

1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)

2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)

3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)

*4)感叹句

*13. 句子成份

1)主语

Betty likes her new bike.

He gets up early every day.

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

2)谓语

We work hard.

The boy caught a bird.

He is my brother.

They all look fine.

3)表语

Her sister is a nurse.

It's me.

I'm ready.

He got angry.

We were at home last night.

His cup is broken.

4)宾语

Tom bought a story-book.

I saw him yesterday.

He wanted to have a cup of tea.

5)直接宾语和间接宾语

He gave me some ink.

Our teacher told us an interesting story.

6)宾语补足语

Call her Xiao Li.

You must keep the room clean.

John asked me to help him.

7)定语

This is a green jeep.

This is an apple tree.

Are these students your classmates?

Winter is the coldest season of the year.

I have something to tell you.

8)状语

You are quite right.

She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.

He stopped to have a look.

14. 简单句的五种基本句型

第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)

The bike is new.

The map is on the wall.

第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)

He swims.

第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)

Children often sing this song.

第四种 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)

She showed her friends all her pictures.

第五种 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

15. 并列句

He likes maths, but he needs help.

I help him and he helps me.

16. 复合句

1)宾语从句

He said ( that) he felt sick.

I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.

I take back what I said.

I can't tell who is there.

Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?

2)状语从句

The train had left when I got to the station.

I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.

The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.

The earth is bigger than the moon.

He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.

* Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.

Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.

*3)定语从句

Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.

Show me the picture that you like best.

Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.

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