宾语从句要点分析

在复合句中，作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。同学们在本单元学习连词that引导的宾语从句时，应注意以下要点：

1.在连词that引导的宾语从句中，that本身无意义，不是句子的任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：

She says (that) she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk. 她说她将在校长的桌子放个留言条。

I hope (that) you’ll have a good holiday. 希望你(们)假日愉快。

2. 后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, fell等。如：

I see (that) you come here on foot today. 我看你今天是步行来的。

I hear (that) one of the pandas has a baby.我听说有只熊猫生了个小熊猫。

注：1)有时宾语从句和主语的谓语之间可插入一个间接宾语或状语。如：

Please tell Mr. Hu that I’m working hard on my Chinese. 请告诉胡老师我在努力学习汉语。

You can see from my photo that I have a big smile and long black hair. 你可以从我的照片中看到我的笑容和黑长发。

2)think等表示看法的动词后面接宾语从句时，若宾语从句的谓语为否定形式，要将否定词not转移到主句，这种现象称为“否定移位”。如：

I don’t think any of the programmes is interesting. 我认为这些节目没有一个有趣。

I don’t think chickens can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。

3.后面常接宾语从句的形容词有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。如：

I’m sure he would love to come to your birthday party. 我相信他会很乐意参加你的生日聚会。

We are both very happy that we are twins. 我们俩都为我们是双胞胎而感到高兴。

4.宾语从句的时态：

主句的动词如果是现在时态，宾语从句中动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。

I think I’ve lost my key.我想我已把钥匙丢了。

I see you are on foot today.我看见你今天是步行来的。

He says Jim will come back soon.他说吉姆很快会回来的。

I’m glad she didn’t hurt herself.我很高兴她没有伤着自己。

主句的动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句的动词必须使用过去相应的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等)。下面分类讲述。

(1)主句中谓语动词的动作是过去发生，且宾语从句中的词语动词的动作与它同时发生，从句的谓语动词要用一般过去时或过去进行时。

He said that he had a very good journey home.

他说他们回家旅途愉快。

He said he was working hard on his Chinese.

他说他在继续努力学习中文。

(2)主句中谓语动词的动作是过去发生，且宾语从句中的谓语动词的动作发生在它之后，从句的谓语动词要用过去将来时;如宾语从句中的谓语动词的动作发生在它之前，用过去完成时。

He said he would have to give presents to all the family, but he hadnt chosen any yet.

他说他要给家里所有的人送礼例说话之后要发生的事)，但他还什么都没有买呢(指说话前没做的事情)。

注：过去将来时和过去完成时以后还要学，在这儿只要求了解。

(3)如果宾语从句表示客观真理，即使主句中用了过去时，从句的谓语仍要用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the sun is the nearest star to us of all.

老师说太阳是离我们最近的恒星。

(4)Could you tell me… ?是表示“请求”的委婉句型，并不表示过去时，所以其后的宾语从句的时态可根据需要用任何时态。

Could you tell me what time the plane leaves?

你能告诉我飞机什么时候起飞吗?

关于Making telephone calls的教学建议

用英语打电话是重要的功能项目之一。本单元再次出现打电话的情境。教师可利用本单元的教学，帮助学生复习打电话用语，让他们学会用英语打电话。

西方人士的习惯是接电话的人通常先报出自己的电话号码，特别是办公机构，如：Hello!6098724，

★ 如想找某人听电话时，可说：

May/Could/Can I speak to…, please?

★ 如你就是某人时，可答道：

This is …(speaking). /This is …here/…here / speaking 不能说I’m…

★ 当对方想问你是否某人时，说：

Is that，…(speaking)? 而不说Are you…?

肯定回答是：Yes，it is. 不说Yes，I am.

否定回答是No，this is … 而不是No，Im…

★ 如要让对方等一等，可说：

Hold on(for a moment)，please. 或One moment，please.

He/She isn’t here right now / at the moment.

或I’m sorry he’s / she’s our at the moment. 表示要找的人不在。

★ 在这种情况下，接电话的人表示愿意传话，可说：

Can I take message (for you)?

I’ll leave a message (on her/his desk).

I’ll give her/ him the message.

★ 听电话时，开始要用招呼语，如Hello! Hi! 如要问候对方，就用问候语：

— How are you?

— Fine，thanks. What about you?/And you?

— Im fine，too. Thank you.

★ 结束时用告别语：Goodbye! /Bye. /See you(tomorrow).等。

另外，在通话过程中可用May I help you?表示可以帮忙，Thats very kind of you. 表示感谢，Yes，that would be fine. 表示同意。

进行口语训练时，教师可以结合一些生活实情，让学生两人为一小组练习打电话。

教学设计方案

Lesson 13

Language Focus:

1. Useful expressions:

Right now, That’s very kind of you. as soon as possible, except, leave a message, many thanks, between… and…

2. Grammar: The Object Clause.

He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.

He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector, Pictures

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showing aims

Get the students know what they will learn in this lesson and what they will do in this class:

1. Master some useful expressions

2. Learn the new grammar: The Object Clause

3. Learn to make dialogues using the Object Clause

II. Revision

1. Check homework.

2. Revise the Present Perfect Tense. Ask: Have you ever been to mountain Emei?

How long have you been there? See if the students can answer them correctly.

3. Revise how to make a telephone call. Ask the students what they will say in the telephone call, help the students to answer with “Hello.” “Could I speak to…?” “This is…speaking.” “Who’s that, please?” write them on the blackboard.