1. 时间介词in，on，at

in

(1)表示在较长的时间里(如周/月份/季节/年份/世纪等)。

如：

in a week;in May;in spring/summer/autumn/winter;in 2008;in the 1990’s等。

(2)表示在上午、下午或晚上。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening。

(3)in the daytime(在白天) 属于固定搭配，指从日出到日落这一段时间，反义词组是in the night。

(4)“in + 一段时间”表示“多久以后/以内”，常与将来时连用。

如：

in half an hour;in ten minutes;in a few days等。

on 后面所接的时间多与日期有关。具体用法有：

(1)表示在具体的某一天(如日期、生日、节日或星期几)。

如：

on May 4th，1919;on Monday;on Teachers’Day;on my birthday;on that day等。

(2)表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上。

如：

on the morning of July 2;on Sunday afternoon;on a cold winter evening等。

at 具体用法有：

(1)表示在某一具体时刻，即几点几分。

如：

at six o’clock; at half past nine; at a quarter to six; at this time等。

(2)表示在某一短暂的时间。

如：

at noon;at this moment;at the end of a year;at the start of the concert等。

(3)It lasts from June to August.

2. borrow，lend和keep的区别：

这三个词在汉语中都可译为“借”，但其用法不同，不能互换。对于动词的主语是“借进”则用borrow，其句型为“borrow…from…”

如：

I borrowed a book from the school library this afternoon.

今天我从图书馆借了一本书。

对于动词的主语是“借出”则用lend，其句型为“lend…to…”

如：

I can lend my bike to you，but you mustn't lend it to others.

我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你一定不要把它借给别人。

如果所借的东西要保留一段时间，用keep。

如：

“How long can I keep the book?”“Two　weeks.”　“这本书我可以借多久?”“两个星期。”

3. hope与wish均可表示“希望，想”，均可用to do不定式作宾语，不可用doing。其不同之处在于：

(1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”;hope不能这样用。例如：

I wish you to go.　　　 我要你去。

(2)hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，但能跟“for+名词”，表示可能实现的“希望”;wish虽也能跟“for+名词”，但表示难以实现的“愿望”。例如：

I hope for success.　　　 我希望成功。(可能性很大)

I wish for a car.　　 　我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现的愿望)

(3)hope和wish都可跟that从句，但“hope+that从句”表示“希望”;“wish+that从句”表示“愿望”，但从句用过去时表示虚拟语气，即不太可能实现的愿望或与事实相反。例如：

I hope you will be better soon.　　　 我希望你尽快好起来。

I wish I were ten years younger.　　　 但愿我能年轻10岁。

(4)wish可跟双宾语，表示祝福。例如：

We wish you a happy life.　　　 祝你生活幸福。

4. enjoy，like与love都可表达“喜爱”的意思，但含义和用法有所不同。

(1)enjoy在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”，后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。enjoy还可以与反身代词连用，即enjoy oneself，表示“玩得很高兴”(=have a good time)。例如：

The man is enjoying his dinner.　　　 那个男人正津津有味地吃饭。

My father enjoys listening to the radio.　　　 我父亲爱听广播。

Did the children enjoy themselves in the park?　　　 孩子们在公园里玩得愉快吗?

(2)like意为“喜欢，喜爱”，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感或发生兴趣，不带有感情色彩，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语。例如：

Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Festival.　　　 在中国，每个人都喜欢中秋节。

He likes his students to work hard.　　　 他喜欢他的学生努力学习。

(3)love表示“爱，热爱，爱戴”，有强烈的感情，相当于like…very much，侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的深厚感情。在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱，这时与like的意思很相近，可以互换。后面也可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。例如：

We love our motherland.　　　 我们热爱我们的祖国。

They love playing / to play basketball.　　　 他们爱打篮球。

(4)like和love都可与would，should连用，表示“愿意做某事”。例如：

I’d like / love to go with you.　　　 我愿意和你们一起去。

5. how often，how long，how soon与how much

(1)how often表示“多长时间一次”或者“每隔多久一次”，often是“常常”之意，表示“次数很多”。

—How often does Mary go to visit the museum?　 　玛丽多久去参观一次博物馆?

—Twice a year.　　　 　一年两次。

—How often do you see a film?　　　　 你多长时间看一次电影?

—Once a month.　　　　 每月一次。

—Do you know how often Lily visit her grandparents?

你知道莉莉多长时间去看一次她的爷爷奶奶吗?

—Once a week.　　　　 一周一次。

(2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long表示“多长”或“多久，多长时间”之意。

—How long can you stay at home during summer holiday?　　暑假你能在家待多久?

—More than two months.　　　 　大约两个月。

—How long is this river?　　　　 这条河有多长?(指长度)

—It’s about 2658 kilometres.　　　　 大约2658公里。

(3)how soon通常表示一般将来时，意为“再等多长时间?”“多长时间才……?”，是对“in+时间段”(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。

Can you tell me how soon you can be ready?　　　 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗?

(4)How much is / are… ? ……多少钱?

①若询问某一商品多少钱时，一般用How much is / are … ? 这一句型，商品是单数或不可数名词时用is，商品是复数时用are。

—How much is that sweater?　　　　 那件毛衣多少钱?

—Two hundred and ten yuan.　　　　 210元。

—How much are the bananas?　　　　 这些香蕉多少钱?

—They are twenty-five yuan.　　　　 25元。

②询问商品的价格，还有以下几种问法：

How much，please?　　　 请问多少钱?

How much do you want for it?　　　 这些东西你要多少钱?

How much do you say it is?　　　 你说要多少钱?

6. across，through与cross

都有“穿过，通过”之意。across和through是介词，cross是动词。

(1)cross相当于“动词+across”，常用于指“横穿”。

Be careful when you cross the road.

= Be careful when you go across the road.　　　 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。

(2)across指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。它和on有关，表示从“面上”穿过。

Can you swim across the river?　　　 你能游过这条河吗?

(3)though指“从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头，含义与in有关。

It took him one hour to walk through the forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。

【习题检测】

一. 单项填空

1. --- Our maths teacher will go to the cinema with us，_________?　　　 --- Yes，I think so.

A. won't he 　　　B. will he　　　C. doesn’t he　　　D. does he

2. About ______ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.

A. third fifths　　　　　B. third fifth　　　　　C. three fifths　　　　D. three fifth

3. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People，______?

A.hasn’t he　　　B. has he　　　C.does he　　　D.doesn’t he

4. We’re ______ her carefully，but we can’t ______　what she says .

A. listening to，listen　　B. listening，hear　C. listening to，hear　　D. hearing，listen to

5. I think _______ games is much better than _______ housework.

A. to play;doing　　　　B. playing;doing　　C. to play;do　 D. playing;to do

二. 单句理解

1. My father stayed in Beijing for less than a week.

A. He stayed there for 7 days.　　　　　　B. He was there for 5 days.

C. He stayed there 7 days ago.　　　　　　D. He stayed there for 10 days.

2. Miss Black had a short rest after lunch.

A. Miss Black had a walk before lunch.　B. Miss Black took a little rest after she had lunch.

C. Miss Black had a talk after she had lunch.D. Miss Black had lunch after she had a little rest.

3. Her grandpa died three years ago.

A. His grandma died three years ago.　　B. Her grandma has been dead for three years.

C. Her grandpa has been dead for three years. D. It’s thirteen years since her grandpa died.

4. Kate has three oranges，Lily has six，and Linda has more than Lily.

A. Linda has nine oranges.　　B. Lily has more oranges than Kate.

C. Lily has the fewest oranges of the three.　　D. Linda has fewer oranges than Kate.

5. Peter didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.

A. Peter didn’t go to sleep all the night.　　B. Peter went to bed at eleven last night.

C. Peter didn’t fall asleep at eleven last night.　　D. Peter usually goes into bed at eleven.

三. 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词语，并以其正确的形式填空

difference，special，lose，think about，break，watch，salt，in many ways，repair，enough

1. There is something wrong with the machine. It needs _______.

2. Mrs. Brown looked happy when she found her _______ son.

3. -- Help yourself to some more Jiaozi.

-- No，thank you. I have had _______.

4. They are _______ spending the holiday in Shanghai this year.

5. The _______ cup isn't mine. It's hers.

6. There are some _______ between these two problems

7. My father is good at cooking and he can cook meals _______.

8. Some people like to eat ___ fish because this kind of fish can be kept for a long time.

9. The suit is ______ made for the actor.

10.While the family _______ FIFA World Cup，someone knocked at the door.

四. 完形填空

A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his 　1　 he was walking in the forest 　2　 two men ran out and tried to throw him on the ground. He ran off as fast as he could， but they 　3　. He reached a place where he saw two separated(分开的) roads in front of him. One to the right and 　4　 to the left. Which road should he take? He heard the two men behind him，getting nearer and nearer，and at the same time he heard a 　5　 in his ear. It told him to go to the right，and he did 　6　. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was received(接待)there kindly and 　7　 a room，and so he was saved from the two men.

Twenty years 　8　 he was again in the Black Forest and as happened in the dream once，two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off and came to a place 　9　 two roads. He followed the dream and took the road to the right. He soon 　10　 a small hotel，was taken in， and so was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.

1. A. story 　　　　B. dream 　　　　C. mind 　　　　　D. hometown

2. A. where 　　　　B. suddenly 　　 C. until 　　　　 D. when

3. A. followed 　　 B. stopped 　　　C. caught him 　　D. went away

4. A. one other 　　B. other 　　　　C. the other 　　 D. next

5. A. word 　　　　 B. got 　　　　　C. wind 　　　　　 D. voice

6. A. it 　　　　　 B. that 　　　　 C. so 　　　　　　 D. too

7. A. give 　　　　 B. given 　　　　C. gave 　　　　　 D. gives

8. A. ago　　　 　　B. before　　　　C. later 　　　　　D. since

9. A. before 　　　 B. of 　　　　　 C. with 　　　　　 D. between

10. A. left 　　　　B. entered 　　　C. reached　　　 　D. saw

五. 阅读理解

When we do not understand each other's language，we can talk with the help of signs.

A Frenchman was once travelling in England. He could not speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant(饭店) and sat down at a table. When the waiter came，he opened his mouth，put his fingers in it and took them out again. He wanted to say. “Bring me something to eat.”

The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The man moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came with a cup of coffee. But the man again refused(拒绝) it. He shook(摇) his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink，for drinks are not food.

When the man was going away，another man came in. This man saw the waiter，and he put his hand on his stomach(胃). That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the table in front of him.

So，you see，we cannot understand the language of signs as well as we can understand the language of words.

1. According to the passage(根据短文)，when people do not understand each other's language， they can talk with the help of ___________.

A. a waiter　　　　　B. a teacher　　C. an Englishman　　　D. their hands，heads，and other parts of their bodies

2. A Frenchman signed to the waiter _________.

A. to give him some medicine　　B. to bring him a cup of coffee

C. to ask him for food　　D. to tell him what he said

3. The waiter brought the Frenchman _________.

A. a cup of tea，a cup of coffee and a lot of other drinks

B. a large plate of meat and vegetables

C. a lot of drinks and a large plate of meat

D. a lot of food and drinks

4. Another man saw the waiter，and put his hands on his stomach. He meant ________.

A. he had a stomach-ache　　　B. he was hungry

C. he was very thirsty　　　　D. he was full

5. From this story，we know ________.

A. people can only understand the language of words

B. people know the language of signs as well as the language of words

C. people can make a waiter understand what they want

D. people can only understand their languages

参考答案：

一. 单项填空

1. A　 英语中反意疑问句有两种形式：一是前为肯定陈述句，后为否定简短问句;二是前为否定陈述句，后为肯定简短问句。两部分的谓语在人称、时态和数上要一致，简略问句的主语要用代词。此题前句肯定，后句必须否定。前句谓语中有will，简短问句必须用will的否定式won’t。故选A。

2. C 　几分之几的表达应是three fifths，即分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子超过一，分母后面要加s。

3. B　 此题考查反意疑问句，由前后时态要一致的原则，选项D、C可排除，又never意为“从不”，故选B。弄清反意疑问句的特点是解题关键。

4. C　 listen to强调听的动作 hear 强调听的结果，所以C为正确答案。

5. B

二. 单句理解

1-5　 B　 B 　C　 B　 B

三. 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词语，并以其正确的形式填空

1. repairingto be repaired　　　2. lost 　　　3. enough 　　　4. thinking about

5. broken 　　　6. differences 　　　7. in many ways 　　　　8. salty

9. specially 　　　10. are watching

四. 完型填空

1-5 BDACD　　 6-10 CBCCC

五. 阅读理解

1.D　　本文主要是讲人们彼此之间不懂语言时，可借助手势或示意动作来交流，可见D为正确选择。

2.C　　从第二节最后一句话中，可知这位法国人想吃的东西，而不是想喝饮料，所以ABD均不妥。

3.A　　通读第三节，我们可发现侍者共给这位法国人端来了一杯茶，一杯咖啡，以及其他饮料，但没有给他任何食物。

4.B　　从第四节我们可看出，另一人手势正确，得到了他想吃东西。故B为正确答案。

5.B　　本题需要通读全文方可确定，文中例子说明B为正确选择，容易混淆的是C项，其实人们只有正确地使用手势方可使侍者理解，文中法国人便是一例。