八年级英语下册Unit 9知识讲解

编辑:

2011-04-29

What we need badly are more teachers.    我们急需的是更多的老师。

(2)副词here置于句首要用倒装语序,主语为代词部分倒装,主语为名词全部倒装。

Here it is.    给你。

Here is a letter for you.    这是给你的来信。

Here comes the bus!    汽车来了!

Here's the book you're looking for.    这就是你正在找的书。

Here he comes!    他来了!

7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.

正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。

这是一个强调结构,强调原因状语从句。强调结构的句式是“It+be+被强调成分+that…”。被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语,不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语时可用who,作宾语时用whom,其余一律用that。

It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。

It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.    正是在校门口我见到汤姆。

It was last week that l attended an art exhibition for the first time.

是上周我才第一次参观一个艺术展览。

It was not until he broke my favorite vase that l flew into rages.

我是在他打碎了我的花瓶时才生气的。

It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.

正是因为他病了昨天才没来上学。

【词语辨析】

1. hear,hear of与hear from

(1)hear为及物动词,意为“听见,听到”,后可跟复合宾语,hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。

We listened but could hear nothing.    我们留心听,却什么也没有听见。

I heard her singing in her room.    我听见她正在房间里唱歌。

(2)hear还可作“听说”讲,后常跟that引导的宾语从句。

I heard that he was ill.    我听说他病了。

I heard that it’s a good film.    我听说那是部好影片。

(3)hear of意为“听说”,后跟人或物作宾语。

I’ve never heard of that place.    我从未听说过那个地方。

Have you ever heard of that story?    你听说过那个故事吗?

(4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”,后跟人作宾语。

How often do you hear from your sister?    你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信?

I heard from him last week.    我上周收到他的信。

2. find,find out与look for都含有“寻找,找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。

(1)find意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是找的结果。

Will you find me a pen?    你替我找支钢笔好吗?

He didn’t find his bike.    他没找到他的自行车。

(2)look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。

I don’t find my pen;I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。

He is looking for his shoes.     他在找他的鞋子。

(3)find out意为“找出,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。

Please find out when the train leaves.    请查一下火车什么时候离站。

Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question.

读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。

3. already,still与yet

(1)already用于肯定的陈述句,也可用于疑问句,表示期待肯定回答,或表示惊讶。或用于否定句,也带有否定含义。

When I arrived, he was already there.    我到达时,他已在那儿了。

Is it six o’clock already?    已经到6点钟了吗?

(2)still通常置于句子中间,意为“仍然,依旧”。例如:

She still doesn’t understand.    她仍然不明白。

(3)still还可作形容词,意为“静止”。例如:

The soldier stood there still.    那位士兵站在那一动不动。

(4)yet与already意思相近,一般用于否定句和疑问句中,常置于主要动词之前或句末。例如:

We have not yet been there.    我们还没有到过那儿。

4. other,others,the other,the others,another,any other,any others

(1)other作形容词,通常用在单数或复数名词的前面,意为“别的;其他的;另外的”。

I'll come again some other day.     我改日再来。

(2)others(=other+复数名词) 泛指“部分”含义,用于已知的一些人或物中,除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。

The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water,others are sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水,另一些人在扫地。

(3)the other

the other表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中,特指的“另一个”或“另一些”,其后可跟单数或复数名词。

I have two brothers. One is a doctor,and the other is a teacher.

我有两个兄弟。一位是医生,另一位是教师。

(4)the others(=the other+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后,“余下的人或物的全部”。

This composition is better than the others.    这篇作文比其他那些都好。

(5)another泛指不定数中(三者或三者以上)的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the,它作为限定词(定语)通常与单数名词连用,但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。

This glass is broken,get me another please.    这只玻璃杯坏了,请给我再拿一个。

I'll stay here in another few days.     我要在这儿再呆几天。

注意:other和another都可以用来修饰数词,表示“另外的;附加的”,但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”,相当于more的用法;而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。

今天下午我又写了两封信。

I wrote another two letters this afternoon.

=I wrote two other letters this afternoon.

=I wrote two more letters this afternoon.

(6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。

(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。

【习题检测】

一. 单项选择

1. It ___________ that he has been ill for a long time.

A. seems  B. looks  C. looks as if  D. seems as if

2. - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?    - I'm afraid ____ day is possible.

A. either    B. neither  C. some    D. any

3. Rose ____ an old friend of ____ when she was walking along the street.

A. met;her    B. saw;her  C. met;hers    D. saw;herself

4. - ____ have you done with your mobile phone?    - I've ____ someone to mend it.

A. What;asked     B. How;told  C. What;hoped     D. How;wanted

5. The question ____ by us soon.

A. is going to discuss    B. will discuss  C. is going to be discussed

D. has been discussed

6. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.

A. have set up  B. have been set up  C. were set up  D. set up

7. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools ____.

A. have taken,have been opened  B. take,are open  C. are taken,open

D. have been taken,are opened

8. I’ll go to meet you,if I _______________ free then.

A. will be  B. would be   C. am       D. was

9. This shirt is so nice,but it _________ too much.

A. pays   B. costs   C. takes   D. spends

10. Where were you __________________?

A. an hour ago   B. before an hour  C. at times     D. an hour before

11. This pair of trousers is too big. I want _____ pair.

A. other     B. the other    C. others     D. another

二. 阅读理解

Mrs. Black lived in a town. Her husband had a few shops there and they wore nice clothes and ate the best food. She had some servants(佣人) and never did anything at home. In the evening she often watched TV and went to bed late at night. She never took any exercise. And she was getting fatter and fatter. It worried her and she had to see a doctor one day. The doctor looked her over carefully and said,“I'm sorry,madam. Nobody can help you! I'm sure you'll die in a month!”

Hearing this,the woman was very sad. She got home and ate or drank nothing. She cried and cried and couldn't sleep at night. Nobody could comfort(安慰) her,and she didn't listen to them and refused to see the other doctors. And a month later she didn't feel well but didn't die. She became angry and went to the doctor's again.

“You said I was going to die,didn't you?”said the woman.

“Yes,madam.”answered the doctor.

“You were wrong,sir! Look! I'm here again!”

“But I cured(治愈) you,”said the doctor. “Aren't you thinner now?”

1. Mrs. Black did nothing at home because _________.

A. she was very busy  B. the servants did all for her

C. she often felt unwell  D. her husband did all instead

2. Which of the following is wrong? Mrs. Black got fatter because ________.

A. she wore the nice clothes  B. she ate the best food

C. she never took any exercise  D. she never did anything at home

3. The word “die”in the story means _________.

A. 渴望     B. 被遗忘     C. 死     D. 殉职

4. Mrs. Black was sad because ________.

A. she was often tired  B. she always wanted to rest

C. she couldn't be thinner  D. she believed(相信) the doctor

5. ________,so she was thinner.

A. The doctor helped Mrs. Black

B. Mrs. Black thought she shouldn't eat or drink and she did it

C. Mrs. Black refused to see the other doctors

D. Nobody could comfort Mrs. Black

三. 完形填空

There are many words in the English language. You will never  1  the meaning of every word in English. When you read,you will often find many  2  you do not know. You will not have enough time to  3  reading and try to find every new word in a dictionary.

Sometimes you can  4  a new word because you know some of the parts of the new word. For example,if a word ends  5  the letters “er”,that word  6  be the name of a  7  or a thing that does a certain action(某个动作). A writer is a person who writes.  8  it is not

9  to know the parts of a new word to understand it, 10  it will help you many times.

1、A.know      B.learn      C.find      D.look up

2、A.books     B.letters     C.stories    D.words

3、A.stop      B.enjoy      C.keep      D.start

4、A.find      B.get       C.study     D.guess

5、A.in       B.off       C.up       D.with

6、A.can      B.might      C.should     D.must

7、A.friend     B.boy       C.person     D.girl

8、A.Then      B.Now       C.Yet       D.Sometimes

9、A.helpful    B.useful      C.enough     D.good

10、A.but      B.and       C.so       D.for

四. 根据对话内容,选择方框中适当的句子,使对话完整. 通顺.

Lin Tao: Hi,Sam! How are you today?

Sam:   ___1___ What about you?

Lin Tao: I'm OK! Are you free tomorrow?

Sam:   ___2___

Lin Tao: We're going to have a swim.

Sam:   ___3___ Can I come?

Lin Tao: Sure! Jim's coming, too.

Sam:   ___4___

Lin Tao: We are going to meet outside the school gate ,at two o'clock

Sam:   OK. ___5___

A. Fine,thanks.

B. How much is it?

C. Where are you going to meet?

D. Yes. Why?

E. Goodbye!

F. Good idea!

一. 单项选择

1. A  it seems that

2. B  afraid暗示应该是哪天都不行,应该选否定意义的neither。

3. C  hers是名词性物主代词。

4. A  ask sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事。

5. C  注意用被动形式,问题应该是被讨论。

6. B

7. A

8. 含有if条件状语从句的主从复合句,主句是将来时,if条件状语从句则必须是现在时。所以本题选C。

9. B。“这件衬衣很棒,但是太贵”。pay和spend主语应是人,排除A,D。It takes/ took sb. time to do sth. “花了某人多少时间做某事”,根据上下文,题干中的it指“衬衣”,不会表示为“衬衣花多少时间”,排除C。sth. costs /cost (sb.) money“某物花了(某人)多少钱”,题干部分应理解为“衬衣要花费太多的钱”,选B正确。

10. A

11. A

二. 阅读理解

1.B  2.A  3.C  4.D  5.A

1.理解第一段第三句可知。

2.理解第三至七句文意可知。

3.通过第一段最后一句医生说的话及Mrs.Black 的情绪可知。

4.医生说她将在一个月后死去,所以她很悲伤。

5.Mrs.Black 相信医生的诊断,伤心得不吃不喝,才导致她瘦下来。

三. 完形填空

1—5 ADADD   6—10 BCDCA

这是一篇讲关于如何去猜测你所不认识的英文单词。空1比较容易做出来,应该是“你不可能知道每个单词的意思”,应该选A。顺着这个思路,空2应该选D。空3考查的是stop doing sth.(停止做某事)结构,答案选A。通读文章,会发现第二段开始讲如何猜测你不认识的单词词义,故空4选D。空5应该填入介词with, 意思是“以…结尾”。空6表示一种猜测的语气,因此选择B。根据我们平时所积累的英语知识,以“er”结尾的名词很多都是表示做这个动作的人或物,因此空7选C。把文章最后一句话反复读几遍,能寻找出最后三个空的内在关系,即作者想说的是:尽管有时候光靠一个词的部分意思还不足以完全理解这个词,但是这种方法在很多时候还是很有用的。因此空8、9、10的答案分别是D,C,A。

四. 1---5  ADFCE
 

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