例2：
America is in no immediate danger of “running out of water”. People in the West have been aware that water is a precious commodity and must be conserved. In the damp East, an excess of water led to complacency until two factors created concern over our water supply. First, the periods of drought from the 1961 to 1966 in the Northeast affected crop production and used up the surface and ground water supplies. Second, attention was called to rapid increases in the rates of pollution of these waters resulting from increased urban and industrial growth. As a result, there is an increasing awareness of the need for conserving the quantity and quality of our nation's water supplies.
Water is a renewable resource, but it is not exhaustible. When used for municipal, industrial, or agricultural purposes, it is not destroyed, but generally finds its way back into our water supply. This used water now carries some waste materials. These dirty waters are often dumped into large bodies of water or are disposed of on land. In the latter instance, evaporation concentrates some of the wastes on the soil surface. On the other hand, water moving through the soil will eventually carry some of the wastes down into the ground water supplies, Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.
Through this never-ending cycle, there is just as much water in this country now as there ever was. The amount, however, does not increase. Our rapid population growth and our agricultural and industrial expansion have caused our water needs to soar. By withdrawing water from streams too quickly, we have in some instances upset the balance of nature's built-in renewal processes for conserving water. As a result, some of our streams and lakes have become “wet deserts.” There is still plenty of water in them, but its water is so polluted that it supports almost no life at all.
1.The passage is mainly about_____.
A. water resources of the United States
B. the renewal processes of water in mature
C. the importance of water conservation
D.water pollution in America
2. The word “drought” in the sentence “First, the periods of drought——ground water supplies.” Most probably means_____.
A. catastrophe of too much rain
B. danger of running out of water
C. calamity dry weather
D. damage caused by typhoon
3. Water is relatively purer in_____.
A. fast moving streams and rivers
B. underground water supplies
C. mountainous areas
D. rain and snow
4. When theauthor says that lakes have become “wet deserts”,._____
A. he is being angry
B. he is being optimistic
C. he is being sad
D. he is being humorous
5. It is implied in the passage that______
A. water can be polluted by deserts
B. there are many water conservation programs in America
C. water keeps evaporating from the earth's surface
D. water is not polluted by waster maberials
[难点]
1.run out of 用完，耗尽
2.commodity 商品，货物
3.complacency 自满，满足
4.drought 长期干旱，旱灾
5.result from 是——的结果，由于——而发生
6.inexhaustible 用不完的，无穷尽的
7.municipal 市政的，市办的
8.dispose of 处理，丢掉，清除
9.evaporation 蒸发
10.withdraw 提取，取回
11.deposit 放下，放置
[答案]
1.C
考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。
解析：文章第一段的最后一句话是文章的中心思想，指出人们越来越意识到保护水的量和质的必要性。第二、三段主要讨论节约用水和水污染 的危害。第二段指出，水虽然百一种可再生的资源，但并不是用之不竭;第三段说，人口的急剧增加，工农业的快速发展使得用水需求高涨并造成严重的水污染。综上所述，我们可以看出，文章主要讨论保护水资源的重要性。选项A、B、D都是以偏概全。
2.C
考点：这是一道理解题。
解析：题目要求猜测“drought”一词的含义，我们可以通过这个词的上下文来理解它的意思。文章第一段第四句说，1961至1966年东北部地区的drought影响了农作物的生产，使地表水和地下水供应枯竭。据此我们可以推断出这个词的含义是旱灾。
3.D
考点：这是一道细节题。
解析：答案在文章第二段的最一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”(最终所有的水蒸发，然后以更加纯净的形式降雨或降雪回到地球。)
4.D
考点：此题考察学生对作者态度的理解。
解析：文章第三段最后一句很好地解释了“wet desert”的含义，即：一些河流、湖泊中有大量的水，但污染非常严重，几乎所有的生物都不能使用。根据这个解释，我们可以理解作者说这番话的心情，作者面对这样一种情况只能感到悲哀，而不是愤怒，因为愤怒无济于事，更不是感到乐观或幽默。
5.C
考点：此题考察学生的判断能力。
解析：根据文章第二段的最后一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”，我们可以推断出水不停地从地球表面蒸发掉，然后在高空中变成水的固态形式。选项A和D与文章内容不符。选项B在文章中没有提及。
例3：
In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.
Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone awry. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
1.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To look back to the early days of computers.
B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.
C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.
D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.
2.According to the passage, initial concerns about computers were that they might_____
A. lead us into the post-war era
B. be quite widespread
C. take control
D. take over routine tasks
3.The passage recommends those dealing with computers to_____
A. be reasonably skeptical abort them
B. check all their answers
C. substitute them for basic thinking
D. use them for business purposes only
4.An “internal computer” is_____
A. a computer uses exclusively by one company for its own problems
B. a person's store of knowledge and the ability to process it
C. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buy
D. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable
5.The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is_____
A. challenging
B. psychological
C. dramatic
D. malfunctioning
[难点]
1.widespread 普遍的，广泛的
2.relieve 减轻，解除，使得到解脱
3.dramatic 引人注目的，突然的
4.foreseen 预见的，预知的
5.reluctant 不情愿的，不愿意的
6.authority 权威
7.malfunction 发生故障，发生功能障碍
8.invest 投资;花钱买;耗费，投入
9.rely on 依赖，依靠
10.go awry 出岔子，失败;(人)背离正道
11.substitute 代替物，代用器
[答案]
1.D
考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。
解析：文章分析了人们过分依赖电子计算机这一问题，在结尾向人们提出了忠告：尽管电子计算机可以提供各种帮助，但是它不应被视为代替人们基本思维和推理的东西。文章主要目的是警告人们在心理上对计算机不要采取懒惰的态度。
2.C
考点：这是一道细节题。
解析：问题的答案在文章的第一句之中：“In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.”(在计算机历史的前期即战后初期，人们普遍担心计算机可以能会代替人类统治世界)选项C与这一句的含义完全一致，故为正确答案。
3.A
考点：这是一道推断题。
解析：文章第二段第二句说：“Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days.”由此我们可以推断出，文章建议那些与计算机打交道的人应该对它们采取合理的怀疑态度。
4.B
考点：这是一道理解题
解析：理解：“internal computer”的含义的关键是确定“internal”的意思。这个词几个基本含义：内部的，体内的，内在的。从它所在的上下文来看，它的意思是：“体内的”。“internal computer”是一种比喻说法，指人的大脑，它比计算机更聪明、更复杂，具有储存知识和运用知识的能力。因此，选项B是正确答案。
5.B
考点：这是一道推断题。
解析：根据文章内容我们得知，当今电子计算机的问题既不是令人深思的也不是容易出故障。而选项C与文章内容不符。它的问题是人们在心理上过分信赖它，对它的能力毫不怀疑。因此选项B是正确答案。
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