【编者按】2011年学位外语考试在即，为了帮助大家复习，威廉希尔app 的小编特别整理了学位英语考试英语语法重点复习，供大家参考。
被动语态
to do sth. 一般集中在挑错题中
特别关注：不定式的被动式，由主动变被动时to的特殊处理
相关知识： A、及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词：后面可直接加宾语(名词、动名词、人称代词的宾格、数词)
不及物动词：后面不可直接加宾语，+介词+宾语
有些动词在不同的句子中既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。water
49. These part-time students expect to to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation。0404A
答：A，改为to be offed. offer为及物动词，后面必须有宾语，若后面宾语，应是被动句
B、行为动词与系动词
行为动词：表示实际动作，包括表示思维活动的词： want， think…等
系动词：表示主语的性质、状态和特征，be动词、可放在形容词前的某些动词：get、run、turn、smell…等
一、何种情况下可使用被动语态：
1，强调动作的接受者。
The kitchen is shared by the three of us. 厨房是我们三人用。
Football is played over of the world. 世界各地都踢足球。
2，不知道或没必要说明的执行者是谁。
The data have been computerized for two years now.
这些数据已经由计算处理两年了。
These books are written for children. 这些书是儿童读物
3，出于礼貌、措辞婉转等原因不方便、不愿意说明动作的执行者。
I was told that you are very lazy. 我听人说你很懒。
The car was damaged. 车撞坏了。
4，避免变换主语，以求行文流畅。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience.
他出现在舞台上时，观众的热烈鼓掌。
二、使用被动高不成低不就需要注意的问题
1，不定式的被动式 to be done
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的接受者， 用被动式
He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 他要求派去西藏工作
I want to do some shopping tomorrow.
It‘s an honour for me to be invited to speak here today. 很荣幸被邀请
Are you going to the meeting to be held at 6：00? 你要参加6点的会吗?
22. The famous novel is said _ C. to have been translated _ into Chinese.
本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的对象时(或是动作的承受者时)，不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。 2000年
17. We shall ask for samples A and then we can make our decision. (0311)
A. to be sent B. being sent C. to set D. to have been sent
18. The forest fire caused by the volcano is difficult to be C . (0311)
A. put off B. put away C. put out D. put up
34. The question C at the meeting tomorrow is very important. (0411)
A. to discuss B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed
2，某些动词由主动变被动时不定式符号“to”的处理
7个感观动词see， watch， observe， notice， listen to， hear，fell;
3个使役动词let， have让， make
56. The teacher has his students _____ a composition every other week. (2000)
A. to write B. written C. writing D. write
D.have sb do sth 让某人做某事。have此处为使役动词，后面接宾补的时候省to
58. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.
A. came B. come C. to come D. have come
C.感官动词feel，hear，see，watch等后面接宾补的时候，要用无to不定式。但如果句子是主语的补足语的话，要加上to。(2000)
3，短语动词的被动语态。动词后面接一个介词或副词构成短语，将其看成一个及物动词。
The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。(介)
The meeting has been put off till next week. 会议被推迟到下周。(副)
注意：不是所有短的语动词都有被动语态，判断：相连的介词或副词不能折开
4，带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。
Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones. 坏事有时可变好事
5，被动语态后可接从句或W+不定式
He was told that his father was sick. 他被告知他父亲病了
A assistant of the shop was asked where to find the manager.
6，特殊句型 be said/reported to have done 据说/据报道
22. The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated D. to translate
答C.本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的对象时(或是动作的承受者时)，不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。
7，get + 动词过去分词构成被动语态， 多用于口语或非正式书面语中
He had some pictures taken in the park. 他在公园里照了几张像。(别人给他照的
48. I have taken many photos. I'm going to get the film _____.
A. being developed B. developing C. developed D. to be developed
答：C.过去分词在动词have， get两词后面作宾补时，常常表示这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。