Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：

Einstein`s earliest political activity came during the First Worm War，when he was a professor in Berlin. Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives，he became involved in antiwar demonstrations. His advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people to refuse conscription(征兵)did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then，following the war，he directed his efforts toward reconciliation and improving international relations. This，too，did not make him popular，and soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States，even to give lectures.

Einstein`s second great cause was Zionism(犹太复国主义)。Although he was Jewish by descent，Einstein rejected the biblical idea of God. However，a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反犹太人主义)，both before and during the First World War，led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community，and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism. Once more unpopularity did not stop him from speaking his mind.

His theories came under attack;an anti-Einstein organization was even set up. One man was convicted of inciting others to murder Einstein(and fined a mere six dollars)。

But Einstein remained calm：when a book was publishedentitled 100 Authors Against Einstein，he retorted，“If I were wrong，then one would have been enough!” In 1933，Hitler came to power. Einstein was in America，and declared he would not return to Germany. Then，while Nazi militia raided his house and confiscated his bank account，a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline “Good News From Einstein-He`s Not Coming Back. ”In the face of the Nazi threat，Einstein renounced pacifism，and eventually，fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb，proposed that the United States should develop its own. But even before the first atomic bomb had been detonated，he was publicly warning of the dangers of nuclear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry.

31. During the First World War，Einstein

A. turned a blind eye to the waste of human lives

B. remained openly hostile to his government

C. called on his colleagues to go to war and fight for their own country

D. urged his government to resort to conscription to get an adequate army

32. Einstein` s attitude toward the First World War and Zionism

A. was dramatically changed when it became under attack

B. was slightly changed by the persuasion of his fellow countrymen

C. made him an enemy of some of his fellow countrymen

D. earned him the respect of his fellow countrymen

33. It can be concluded from the passage that Einstein __

A. was a very pious Christian

B. was too naive in politics

C. achieved a great success in politics

D. did not believe in God

34. By saying：“If I were wrong，then one would have been enough!”，Einstein meant that

A. he was fighting for a righteous cause

B. those 100 authors were good for nothing

C. those 100 authors were bribed by the Nazi regime

D. he was much more competent than those 100 authors

35. When Einstein decided not to return to Germany，the media

A. felt frustrated

B. was delighted

C. became furious

D. kept silent

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：

While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing，it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners，the arts，literature，and philosophy，and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact，it may operate in any field of group life，apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society，for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group，or in a caste(社会等级)society.

Fashion behaves as a movement，and on this basis it is different from custom which，by comparison，is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation(仿效)。In a class society，the upper classes or so-called social elite(精英)are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them，who，in turn，are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However，the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable，by reason of the imitation made by others，and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria，only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion，once launched，moves to its doom.

As a movement，fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle，it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have，or require，an ideology. Further，since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement，it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.

36. It is known from the first paragraph that __

A. fashion operates in every society

B. fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life

C. fashion originates in a class society

D. people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society

37. According to the author，which of the following people usually lead a new fashion?

A. Philosophers

B. Artists

C. Writers

D. The social elite

38. The following statements are false EXCEPT

A. fashion，as a movement，is static

B. a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched

C. a fashion will never vanish once it is introduced

D. the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement

39. According to the author，a fashion movement __

A. will eventually develop into a social organization

B. has little in common with other movements

C. has a powerful leadership guiding it

D. has a set of symbols and values

40. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement

A. is a form of expressive behavior

B. contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior

C. can boost the morale of its participants

D. functions in the same way as specific social movements

Section B(10%)

Directions：Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

If the technological revolution continues to have its effects，there will be fewer and fewer jobs available，particularly to schoolleavers and those over the age of fifty. If there are only half the number of jobs in the future，men and women will have to share them. Two people will therefore work only twenty hours each instead of the forty they are currently accustomed to. It is a wellknown fact that those who suffer from stress at work are often not high-powered executives but unskilled workers doing boring，repetitive jobs，especially those on production lines. Unemployment often has a similar effect on its victims. If we wish to prevent his type of stress and the depression(沮丧)that frequently follows long periods of it，we will have to find ways of ducating people to cope with this sudden increase in leisure time.

Many have already turned to pills and tablets to combat sleeplessness and anxiety，two of the symptoms of long-term stress and depression. In America，we spend $ 650 million a year on different kinds of medicines. We swallow a staggering(大的惊人的)three million sleeping tablets every night. Although these “drugs of the mind” can be extremely useful in cases of crisis，the majority of patients would be better off without them.

The boredom and frustration of unemployment are not the only causes of stress：poor housing，family problems，overcrowding and financial worry are all significant factors. Nevertheless，doc- tors believe that if people learnt to breathe properly，took more exercise，used their leisure time more actively and expressed their anger instead of bottling it up，they would not depend so much on drugs，which treat only the symptoms and not the cause of the stress. If doctors refused prescriptions more often and discouraged patients with minor ailments from visiting the clinic，the country would have more money to spend on improving leisure facilities and adult education，which are at present inadequate in many parts of the country. Moreover，doctors would have more time to spend on those patients in real need of their help.

41. Will the technological revolution provide adequate employment opportunities for school leavers if it continues to have its effects?

42. How many hours do people work a weak at present?

43. What will happen to a person if he suffers from long-term stress and depression?

44. How many causes of stress does the author list in the passage?

45. If people want to reduce stress and depression，what attitude should they take according to some doctors?

Part III English-Chinese Translation(15%)

Directions：Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.

Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

Politics are those varieties of human interaction that decide who gets what，when，and how. Political behavior is goal-seeking behavior. The “whos，”“whats，”whens，“and ”hows“ of politics vary with time，place，and situation;but the basic goal-seeking nature of political interaction remains constant. Moving one step further，a political system can be defined as a collection of men or groups who interact in their goal-seeking pursuits. Political systems could，for example，include individuals interacting iff pursuit of influence in any organization，in interest groups，or in parties interacting in pursuit of influence over governments，and could include states interacting in the pursuit of influence over the world environment.

Part IV Writing(15%)

Directions：In this part，you are asked to write a composition entitled My Favorite Subject(我最喜欢的科目)。You are given the following materials to write on. Your composition should be about 120 words. Be sure to write it in readable handwriting. The composition should be written on the Answer Sheet.