4. the purpose of reducing the frequency of two expensive blood tests is to

[A] help the patients save some money for treatments.

[B] enable more people to take tests of some kind.

[C] make sure that patients can receive in-time treatment.

[D] prevent patients from possible further infection.

5. persuading patients to get treatment early will have the following advatages except

[A] saving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people.

[B] cutting down the costs in the treatment.

[C] avoiding transmitting the virus to more people.

[D] shortening doctors‘ treatment time.

词汇注释

in droves 成群结队

stigma 耻辱

downgrade 降级

low-key 低调的

expectant mother 孕妇

anti-retroviral 抗病毒

staggered 吃惊的

inadvertently 无意中地

slump 躺

难句讲解

1. And the reason for that appears to be that the government has not managed to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS， and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“the reason for that appears to be that…”。第一个that指的是前面句子的内容;第二个that引导的是表语从句;and thus…引导的段与作伴随状语，其中的it指的是sigma，if 引导的是条件状语从句。

2. Having asked， he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure he really knew what he was doing before any test was carried out.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure…”。Having asked 短语作时间状语;he指的是前面句子中提到的a potential test subject;he really knew…是一个省略了引导次的宾语从句，其中的what引导的是宾语从句，before引导的是时间状语从句。

3. In particular， he believes that the currently high rate of transmission from mothers to new-born children could be reduced to zero if expectant mothers were always tested—and if those who proved positive were treated with an appropriate drugs before they gave birth.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“he believes that…”。he 指的是Dwain Ndwapi;that引导的是宾语从句;from mothers to new-born children修饰transmission;if引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步介绍条件，其中的those指的是expectant mothers，who引导的定语从句修饰those;before引导的是时间状语从句，其中的they指的也是expectant mothers.

4. But laboratory capacity in Africa is inadequate for regular testing of the millions of people that need such drugs—at least if the tests are carried out as frequently as they would be in a rich country.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“laboratory capacity is inadequate for…”。That引导的定语从句修饰people;破折号里面的内容是在介绍条件，其中的as…as 引导的是比较状语从句，其中的they指的是testes.

5. Treating the very ill takes much more time and money than giving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people， and it means that these people may have been unconsciously infecting others for longer.

[简析] 本句话是一个并列句，其主干是“treating the very ill takes much more time and money…and it means that”。Than引导的是比较状语;it指的是前面的句子;that引导的是宾语从句。