人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do.Others,however,lose heart and give in.

4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable,convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. (发表意见)

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。

It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and　other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊)

常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。

As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble.Peoplein many countries are srffering from public hazards.

6.For example, … (举例阐述) For instance, … Let’s take …for examlpe.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

Les ’ s take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities,but make them crowed.Furthermore,they carse a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

7.It is generally believed that … accepted (引证观点) thought held

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。

It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)(因果关系)毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.

图表概述或描述中常用的句型

1. As is shown by the graph,… (概述图表)

in the table.

正如曲线所示，最近 54 年来该国人口飞速增长。

As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.

2. It can be seen from the table that … (得出结论) shown graph concluded figures estimated statistics

A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从 1985 年到 1990 年中国的人均收入迅速提高。

From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.

B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近 5 年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。

It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.

3. … amount to … (数量总计) add up to come to

sum up to

全部费用合计 200 美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.

4. … increase from … to … ( 数量增减 ) decrease rise fall drop